Shloka 18

दक्ष उवाच । रुद्रो ह्ययं यज्ञबहिष्कृतो मे वर्णेष्वतीतोथ विवर्णरूपः । देवैर्न भागं लभतां सहैव श्मशानवासी कुलजन्म हीनः

dakṣa uvāca | rudro hyayaṃ yajñabahiṣkṛto me varṇeṣvatītotha vivarṇarūpaḥ | devairna bhāgaṃ labhatāṃ sahaiva śmaśānavāsī kulajanma hīnaḥ

Dakṣa said: “Truly, this Rudra has been excluded by me from the yajña. He stands beyond the varṇas and appears without the customary marks of rank. Let him receive no share with the devas—he dwells in the cremation ground, bereft of noble lineage and birth.”

दक्षःDakṣa
दक्षः:
Karta (कर्ता/वक्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
रुद्रःRudra
रुद्रः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अव्यय; emphatic/causal nuance
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
यज्ञ-बहिष्कृतःexcluded from the sacrifice
यज्ञ-बहिष्कृतः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक) + बहिष्कृत (कृदन्त; बहिस् + कृ)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle) ‘बहिष्कृत’ = excluded; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (yajñasya bahiskṛtaḥ)
मेof me / my
मे:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; enclitic form
वर्णेषुamong the varṇas / classes
वर्णेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), बहुवचन
अतीतःgone beyond / transgressed
अतीतः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति + इ (धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past active participle) ‘gone beyond’
अथand then / also
अथ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अनन्तरार्थक अव्यय (conjunctive/sequential indeclinable)
विवर्ण-रूपःof discolored/ugly form
विवर्ण-रूपः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootविवर्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (विवर्णं रूपं यस्य/विवर्णं रूपम्)
देवैःby the gods
देवैः:
Sahakari/Karana (सहकारी/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negation particle)
भागम्a share/portion
भागम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभाग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
लभताम्let (them) obtain
लभताम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootलभ् (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative/benedictive sense), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद; आदेश/आशीर्वादार्थक ‘let them obtain’
सहtogether (with)
सह:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सहार्थक (with/together)
एवindeed/only
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात (emphatic particle)
श्मशान-वासीdweller in the cremation-ground
श्मशान-वासी:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्मशान (प्रातिपदिक) + वासिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (श्मशाने वासी)
कुल-जन्मfamily-birth / lineage
कुल-जन्म:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; विशेष्य-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootकुल (प्रातिपदिक) + जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (कुलस्य जन्म)
हीनःdevoid of / lacking
हीनः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण

Daksha

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Rudra

Offering: naivedya

S
Shiva
R
Rudra
D
Daksha
D
Devas

FAQs

The verse exposes how ego and ritual-pride (ahaṅkāra) distort dharma: Daksha judges Shiva through social identity, while Rudra signifies the transcendent Pati who is beyond varṇa and worldly status. Shaiva Siddhanta reads this as a warning that external rank cannot grant liberation—grace and devotion to Shiva do.

Daksha rejects Shiva’s “share” in yajña, symbolically rejecting the presence of Shiva as the inner Lord of all rites. Linga-worship affirms the opposite: Shiva is the substratum of sacrifice and its fruit; honoring the Linga means recognizing the divine even when it appears outside social conventions (śmaśāna-vāsī, ascetic forms).

The takeaway is humility in worship: perform japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and cultivate inner purity rather than pride in ritual status. If practiced, Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and Rudrāksha can be worn as reminders of impermanence and Shiva’s transcendence, countering the mindset shown by Daksha.