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Shloka 6

Mukti-bheda-nirūpaṇa (Classification of Liberation) and Śiva as the Sole Bestower of Mokṣa

ज्ञानरूपोऽव्ययः साक्षी ज्ञानगम्योऽद्वयस्स्वयम् । कैवल्यमुक्तिदस्सोऽत्र त्रिवर्गस्य प्रदोऽपि हि

jñānarūpo'vyayaḥ sākṣī jñānagamyo'dvayassvayam | kaivalyamuktidasso'tra trivargasya prado'pi hi

He is of the very nature of consciousness, imperishable and the inner Witness. He is reached through true knowledge and is Himself non-dual. Indeed, He bestows liberation as absolute aloneness (kaivalya); and here, He also grants the three aims of worldly life (dharma, artha, and kāma).

ज्ञानरूपःwhose nature is knowledge
ज्ञानरूपः:
Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञान + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (jñānasya rūpaḥ = whose form is knowledge)
अव्ययःimperishable
अव्ययः:
Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम्
साक्षीwitness
साक्षी:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
ज्ञानगम्यःknowable (through knowledge)
ज्ञानगम्यः:
Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञान + गम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (jñānena gamyaḥ = knowable through knowledge)
अद्वयःnon-dual
अद्वयः:
Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootअद्वय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम्
स्वयम्by himself; of himself
स्वयम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; आत्मार्थक-निपात (reflexive emphatic)
कैवल्यमुक्तिदःgiver of liberation (kaivalya)
कैवल्यमुक्तिदः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootकैवल्य + मुक्ति + द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (kaivalya-muktiṃ dadāti iti)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)
त्रिवर्गस्यof the three aims (trivarga)
त्रिवर्गस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रि + वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (threefold group: dharma-artha-kāma)
प्रदःgiver
प्रदः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootप्र + द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘giver/bestower’
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle: also/even)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (emphatic/causal: indeed/for)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Significance: Supports jñāna-oriented Śiva-upāsanā: realizing Śiva as sākṣin and advaya leads to kaivalya-mukti; also legitimizes seeking trivarga under Śiva’s lordship while aiming for mokṣa.

Role: teaching

S
Shiva

FAQs

The verse presents Shiva as the imperishable inner Witness and the non-dual reality, attainable through jñāna; it teaches that realization of Shiva culminates in kaivalya (liberation), while also affirming His power to grant worldly well-being under dharma.

Though Shiva is described as non-dual consciousness (nirguṇa in essence), devotees approach Him through saguna worship such as the Jyotirlinga/Linga; the same Lord who is the inner Witness becomes accessible through sacred form, bestowing both bhukti (trivarga) and mukti (kaivalya).

A key takeaway is jñāna-oriented meditation: contemplate Shiva as the sākṣī (witness-consciousness) while maintaining devotional Linga worship; supporting Shaiva practices like japa of “Om Namaḥ Śivāya” and bhasma/rudrākṣa observances can be aligned to seek both purity and liberation.