Rig Veda 8.2.39: Mandala 8, Sukta 2, Mantra 39

Sukta 8.2

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva lineage; Kaṇvāḥ)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

य ऋते चिद्गास्पदेभ्यो दात्सखा नृभ्यः शचीवान् । ये अस्मिन्काममश्रियन् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 8.2.39

Transliteration

yá ṛté cid gā́spadébhyo dā́t sákhā nṛ́bhyaḥ śácī-vān | yé asmín kā́mam áśriyan ||

Translation

He who, even without the usual footholds, gives the rays (cows) as a comrade to the heroic powers—Indra of effective intelligence—to those who have taken refuge in this desire (for the divine).

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Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• ऋते: without, except
• ऋते: अपादान (exclusion/exception)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ऋते (avyaya; from √ऋ / ṛ ‘to go, be in order’ > ‘without, except’)

• चित्: even
• चित्: (particle/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (avyaya)

• गास्पदेभ्यः: from the cow-stalls / from the cattle-places
• गास्पदेभ्यः: अपादान
• Type: Noun
• Root: गास्पद (prātipadika; ‘place/seat of cows’ = cow-stall, pasture; गा + स्पद/पद)

• दात्: gave
• दात्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (दाने)

• सखा: (as) a friend
• सखा: कर्तृ (apposition to यः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (prātipadika)

• नृभ्यः: to the men
• नृभ्यः: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ (prātipadika)

• शचीवान्: the mighty/skillful one (Indra)
• शचीवान्: कर्तृ (qualifier of यः/सखा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शचीवत् (prātipadika; ‘possessing śacī’ = possessing power/skill; epithet of Indra)

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• अस्मिन्: in this (one), in him
• अस्मिन्: अधिकरण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• कामम्: desire, wish
• कामम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (prātipadika)

• अश्रियन: resorted to, took refuge in
• अश्रियन: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रि (श्रयणे ‘to lean on, resort to’)