Rig Veda 7.30.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 30, Mantra 3

Sukta 7.30

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for much of Maṇḍala 7; hymn context suggests Vasiṣṭha-family diction)

Devata: Indra (primary), with Agni as the operative invoking power within the verse

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; RV 7.30 commonly in Triṣṭubh)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अहा यदिन्द्र सुदिना व्युच्छान्दधो यत्केतुमुपमं समत्सु । न्यग्निः सीददसुरो न होता हुवानो अत्र सुभगाय देवान् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.30.3

Transliteration

ahā́ yádindra su-dínā vy-ucchā́n dadho yát ketúm upa-máṃ samátsu | ny àgníḥ sī́dad ásuro ná hótā huvānó átra su-bhágāya devā́n ||

Translation

O Indra, when the luminous days break open and you set up the supreme banner of Light in the battles, then Agni settles down within us like a lordly priest, invoking here the gods for the soul’s good fortune and felicity.

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Word by Word

• अहा: on that day / then
• अहा: अधिकारण (काल)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन्

• यदि: if / when
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र

• सुदिना: by/with a good day; with fair weather
• सुदिना: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु-दिन

• व्युच्छान्: dawned forth / shone out
• व्युच्छान्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-उत्-छा (छा/छाय् ‘to shine, dawn’)

• दधोः: you have set/placed
• दधोः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा

• यत्: which (that)
• यत्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• केतुम्: banner; sign; light/mark
• केतुम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: केतु

• उपमम्: highest; most excellent
• उपमम्: कर्म (विशेषण-भावे)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपम

• समत्सु: in battles
• समत्सु: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: समत् (सम्+अद्/सम्+अत्; ‘battle, conflict’ वैदिक)

• नि: down; in
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि

• अग्निः: Agni (fire)
• अग्निः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि

• सीदत्: sat down; took his seat
• सीदत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: सद्

• असुरः: the Asura (lordly one)
• असुरः: कर्तृ (समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असुर

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest (invoker)
• होता: कर्तृ (समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ

• हुवानः: invoking; calling
• हुवानः: कर्तृ (विशेषण-भावे)
• Type: Participle
• Root: ह्वा

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: अधिकारण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• सुभगाय: for the fortunate one / for good fortune
• सुभगाय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: सु-भग

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव