Mantra 1

Sukta 4.48

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for RV 4.48)

Devata: Vāyu

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī (probable; refrain-like structure suggests fixed meter—requires confirmation)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

विहि होत्रा अवीता विपो न रायो अर्यः । वायवा चन्द्रेण रथेन याहि सुतस्य पीतये ॥

Samhita Patha (IAST)

वि॒हि होत्रा॒ अवी॑ता॒ विपो॒ न रायो॑ अ॒र्यः । वाय॒वा च॒न्द्रेण॒ रथे॑न या॒हि सु॒तस्य॑ पी॒तये॑ ॥

Transliteration

víhi hótrā avī́tā vípo ná rā́yo aryáḥ | vāyavā candréṇa ráthena yā́hi sutásya pītáye ||

Translation

Arrange the two offerings, O helper—like a sage for the noble plenitudes. O Vāyu, come with your shining chariot to the drinking of the pressed Soma.

Padapatha (Word Analysis)

वि॒हि । होत्रा॑ । अवी॑ताः । विपः॑ । न । रायः॑ । अ॒र्यः । वायो॒ इति॑ । आ । च॒न्द्रेणे॑ । रथे॑न । या॒हि । सु॒तस्य॑ । पी॒तये॑ ॥विहि । होत्रा । अवीताः । विपः । न । रायः । अर्यः । वायो इति । आ । चन्द्रेणे । रथेन । याहि । सुतस्य । पीतये ॥vihi | hotrā | avītāḥ | vipaḥ | na | rāyaḥ | aryaḥ | vāyo iti | ā | candreṇe | rathena | yāhi | sutasya | pītaye

Word by Word

• वि: apart, forth (preverb)
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (upasarga)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (nipāta)

• होत्रा: the offering/oblation; the priestly offering (hotrā)
• होत्रा: Karma (object of ‘set forth/arrange’ implied with वि + √धा/√कृ sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होत्रा (प्रातिपदिक; from √हु ‘to pour/offer’ → hotṛ/ho-tra-)

• अवीता: helper, protector
• अवीता: Kartā (vocative-like nominative addressing the deity)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अवीत (ppp of √अव्/√अव् ‘to help, favor, protect’)

• विपः: inspired poets/seers
• विपः: Kartā (subject of an implied action: ‘the inspired ones…’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्/विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (particle of comparison)

• रायः: of wealth, of riches
• रायः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रायि/राय (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्यः: the noble one; patron/lord
• अर्यः: Kartā (apposition to ‘अवीता’ as the addressed one)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• वायवा: O two Vāyus (Vāyu with Indra as a pair / dual address)
• वायवा: Sambodhana (addressed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु (प्रातिपदिक)

• चन्द्रेण: with the shining (one), bright
• चन्द्रेण: Karaṇa (instrument/means, with ratha-)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• रथेन: with a chariot
• रथेन: Karaṇa (means of coming)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• याहि: come!
• याहि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (to go, come)

• सुतस्य: of the pressed (soma)
• सुतस्य: Sambandha (genitive: of the pressed soma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (ppp of √सु ‘to press (soma)’)

• पीतये: for drinking
• पीतये: Sampradāna / Prayojana (purpose: ‘for drinking’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पीति (action noun from √पा ‘to drink’)