Rig Veda 4.3.16: Mandala 4, Sukta 3, Mantra 16

Sukta 4.3

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed for RV 4.3)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एता विश्वा विदुषे तुभ्यं वेधो नीथान्यग्ने निण्या वचांसि । निवचना कवये काव्यान्यशंसिषं मतिभिर्विप्र उक्थैः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.3.16

Transliteration

etā́ víśvā vidúṣe túbhyaṃ vedho nīthā́ny agne niṇyā́ vácāṃsi | ní-vacanā kaváye kā́vyāny áśaṃsiṣaṃ matí-bhir vípra ukthaíḥ ||

Translation

All these guiding leadings and hidden words I have fashioned for thee, O Agni, who knowest—O disposer. Secret utterances and poetic truths for the seer; with thoughts and inspired hymns I have proclaimed them.

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Word by Word

• ए॒ताः: these
• ए॒ताः: Karma (object of ‘विदुषे’ in sense ‘known/for the knower’)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एतद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• विश्वाः: all
• विश्वाः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (prātipadika)

• विदुषे: for the knowing one (the wise)
• विदुषे: Sampradāna (to/for the knower)
• Type: Participle (agent-noun)
• Root: √विद् (to know) → विद्वस् (kṛdanta, perfect participle ‘knowing’)

• तुभ्यम्: to you
• तुभ्यम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (sarvanāma)

• वेधः: O wise one / O ordainer
• वेधः: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: वेधस् (prātipadika; ‘wise/ordainer’, epithet)

• नीथानि: guidances, leadings, rites
• नीथानि: Karma (things: ‘guidances/rites’ offered/uttered)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नीथ (prātipadika; ‘guidances/leadings, rites’)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (prātipadika)

• निण्या: hidden, secret
• निण्या: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निण्य (prātipadika; ‘hidden, secret’)

• वचांसि: words, utterances
• वचांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (prātipadika)

• निवचना: uttered formulations
• निवचना: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निवचन (prātipadika; ‘(well-)spoken formulations/utterances’)

• कवये: to the seer/poet
• कवये: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (prātipadika)

• काव्यानि: poetic (works/utterances)
• काव्यानि: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: काव्य (prātipadika)

• अशंसिषम्: irreproachable, unblameworthy
• अशंसिषम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √शंस् (to praise) with privative a-; desiderative/causative nuance in Vedic: ‘not-to-be-blamed/irreproachable’ used as adjective; prātipadika अशंसिष्/अशंसिष (Vedic)

• मतिभिः: with thoughts/intentions
• मतिभिः: Karaṇa (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मति (prātipadika)

• विप्रः: the inspired priest/poet
• विप्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (prātipadika)

• उक्थैः: with hymns/recitations
• उक्थैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्थ (prātipadika)