Rig Veda 4.28.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 28, Mantra 5

Sukta 4.28

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Mandala 4); specific hymn attribution not provided in input

Devata: Indra-Soma (explicit dual pairing)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; exact meter requires full hymn scan)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एवा सत्यं मघवाना युवं तदिन्द्रश्च सोमोर्वमश्व्यं गोः । आदर्दृतमपिहितान्यश्ना रिरिचथुः क्षाश्चित्ततृदाना ॥

Transliteration

evā́ satyáṃ maghavānā yuváṃ tád índraś ca soma úrvam aśvyáṃ góḥ | ā́ dardṛtám apihitā́ny aśnā́ riricathúḥ kṣā́ś cit tatṛdānā́ ||

Translation

Thus indeed it is Truth, O two lords of plenitude: Indra and Soma—you opened out the wide field of the Cow (the luminous knowledge) and its swift movements. You broke open what was hardened and removed the coverings; even the earth’s resistances you pierced through, releasing what had been shut in.

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Word by Word

• एवा: just so; indeed
• एवा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• सत्यम्: truth; truly
• सत्यम्: Karma (as predicate/accusative of statement)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सत्य (सत् + य)

• मघवानौ: O two bountiful ones
• मघवानौ: — (address)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: मघवन्

• युवम्: you two
• युवम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā (in apposition within the dual subject)
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: इन्द्र

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सोमः: Soma
• सोमः: Kartā (in apposition within the dual subject)
• Type: Noun (deity/plant)
• Root: सोम

• उर्वम्: the wide enclosure/pen; broad space
• उर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: उर्व (उर्वा/उर्वम्)

• अश्व्यम्: pertaining to horses; for horses
• अश्व्यम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अश्व्य

• गोः: of the cow/cattle
• गोः: — (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो

• आ: towards; forth
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ

• अदर्दृतम्: he/it burst open; broke through
• अदर्दृतम्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृ (दर्/दॄ) + द्रु/दृद्? (वैदिक रूप) → दर्दृ (intensive) / दॄ-धातोः

• अपिहितानि: covered up; shut in
• अपिहितानि: Karma
• Type: Participle
• Root: अपि-धा (धातु √धा) → अपिहित

• अश्नाः: stones; rock-masses
• अश्नाः: Kartā (as subject with ‘covered things’ contextually)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्ना (अश्नि/अश्ना) < √अश्/अश्न् (to eat/consume) or noun ‘stone’ (अश्ना) in Vedic

• रिरिचथुः: you two released; you two let loose
• रिरिचथुः: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रिच् (to empty, leave, release) with reduplication

• क्षाः: the earths/grounds; lands
• क्षाः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षाः/क्षाम् (क्षि/क्ष्मा) ‘earth, ground’ (वैदिक)

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित्

• ततृदानाः: piercing; cleaving through
• ततृदानाः: Kartā (participial qualifier)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √तृद् (to pierce, bore, cleave) → ततृद् (reduplicated) + -आन (pres. part.)