Rig Veda 2.1.2: Mandala 2, Sukta 1, Mantra 2

Sukta 2.1

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Gāyatrī

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तवाग्ने होत्रं तव पोत्रमृत्वियं तव नेष्ट्रं त्वमग्निदृतायतः । तव प्रशास्त्रं त्वमध्वरीयसि ब्रह्मा चासि गृहपतिश्च नो दमे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.1.2

Transliteration

távāgne hótraṃ táva pótram ṛtviyáṃ táva néṣṭraṃ tvám agníd ṛtāyatáḥ | táva práśāstraṃ tvám adhvarīyasi brahmā́ cā́si gṛhápatiś ca no dámē ||

Translation

Yours, O Agni, is the offering-call, yours the purifying guardianship, yours the right-seasoned ordering, yours the leading of the journey; you are the kindler who moves by the Truth. Yours is the directing word; you perform the sacrifice; you are the brahman-power, and the lord of the home within our dwelling.

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Word by Word

• तव: of you / your
• तव: सम्बन्ध (possessive/genitival)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → त्वद्

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (address)
• Root: अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• होत्रम्: the Hotṛ-office / hotṛ-priesthood
• होत्रम्: कर्तृ-विशेषण/विधेय (predicative complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होत्र- (प्रातिपदिक; from √हु ‘to sacrifice/invoke’)

• तव: your
• तव: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् → त्वद्

• पोत्रम्: the Potṛ-office / potṛ-priesthood
• पोत्रम्: कर्तृ-विशेषण/विधेय
• Type: Noun
• Root: पोत्र- (प्रातिपदिक; ritual office)

• ऋत्वियम्: seasonal, ritually appointed
• ऋत्वियम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋत्विय- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘belonging to ṛtu/season’, ritual)

• तव: your
• तव: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् → त्वद्

• नेष्ट्रम्: the Neṣṭṛ-office / leader-priesthood
• नेष्ट्रम्: कर्तृ-विशेषण/विधेय
• Type: Noun
• Root: नेष्ट्र- (प्रातिपदिक; from √नी ‘to lead’)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: कर्ता
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• अग्निदृताय॒तः: of the one who upholds Agni / Agni-supporting
• अग्निदृताय॒तः: सम्बन्ध (genitival qualifier of an implied noun, e.g., जनस्य/यजमानस्य)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: अग्नि-दृत- (समास-प्रातिपदिक; दृत- ‘supporting/holding’ from √धृ ‘to hold’; with अग्नि-)

• इतः: from here / hence
• इतः: अपादान/अधिकरण-भाव (direction/source: ‘from here/there’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इतः (अव्यय; pronominal adverb from इ- ‘this’)

• तव: your
• तव: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् → त्वद्

• प्रशास्त्रम्: the directing/reciting office; the Praśāstṛ-function
• प्रशास्त्रम्: कर्तृ-विशेषण/विधेय
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-शास्त्र- (प्रातिपदिक; from √शास् ‘to instruct/command’)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: कर्ता
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• अध्वरीयसि: you perform as the Adhvaryu / you officiate in the sacrifice
• अध्वरीयसि: क्रिया (मुख्य क्रियापद)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अध्वरि/अध्वर् (denominative from अध्वर ‘sacrifice’)

• ब्रह्मा: (you are) the Brahman-priest
• ब्रह्मा: विधेय (predicative noun to त्वम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sacred formulation’, also priest-title)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• असि: you are
• असि: क्रिया (copula)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् ‘to be’

• गृहपतिः: the lord of the house
• गृहपतिः: विधेय (predicative noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृहपति- (समास-प्रातिपदिक: गृह + पति)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• नः: of us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम) → नः

• दमे: in the house / at home
• दमे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘house, home’)