Rig Veda 10.3.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 3, Mantra 2

Sukta 10.3

Devata: Agni (with Sūrya imagery as associated power of illumination)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कृष्णां यदेनीमभि वर्पसा भूज्जनयन्योषां बृहतः पितुर्जाम् । ऊर्ध्वं भानुं सूर्यस्य स्तभायन्दिवो वसुभिररतिर्वि भाति ॥

Transliteration

kṛṣṇā́ṁ yád enī́m abhí várpasā bhū́j janáyan yóṣāṁ bṛhatáḥ pitúr jā́m | ūrdhváṁ bhānúṁ sū́ryasya stabhā́yan divó vásu-bhir aratír ví bhā́ti ||

Translation

When by his own form he confronts the blackness, bringing to birth the radiant young one, the child of the Vast Father; he sets the Sun’s beam upright, and with the riches of heaven the moving Power shines out widely.

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Word by Word

• कृष्णाम्: the dark (one)
• कृष्णाम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृष्ण- (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: which
• यत्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एनीम्: the swift one / the doe (metaph. dawn/cow)
• एनीम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: एनी- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वर्पसा: with (his) form/beauty, by radiance
• वर्पसा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्पस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• भूत्: became, came to be
• भूत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)

• जनयन्: generating, producing
• जनयन्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: जन्/जनय् (धातु; causative)

• योषाम्: the young woman / maiden (Dawn)
• योषाम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: योषा- (प्रातिपदिक)

• बृहतः: of the great
• बृहतः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहत्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• पितुः: of the father
• पितुः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• जाम्: the daughter/offspring
• जाम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: जा- (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऊर्ध्वम्: upwards
• ऊर्ध्वम्: —
• Type: Adverb/Adjective
• Root: ऊर्ध्व- (प्रातिपदिक)

• भानुम्: the beam, radiance
• भानुम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: भानु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सूर्यस्य: of the Sun
• सूर्यस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य- (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्तभायन्: propping, supporting, making firm
• स्तभायन्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: स्तभ् (धातु)

• दिवः: of heaven/sky
• दिवः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ/दिव्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वसुभिः: with the Vasus (bright gods/wealths)
• वसुभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अरतिः: the wheel/going (course), the chariot-motion
• अरतिः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरति- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth, widely
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• भाति: shines, appears
• भाति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: भा (धातु)