Mantra 1
Sukta 1.43
Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional for RV 1.43)
Devata: Rudra
Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; typical for concise invocations)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कद्रुद्राय प्रचेतसे मीळ्हुष्टमाय तव्यसे । वोचेम शंतमं हृदे ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
कद्रु॒द्राय॒ प्रचे॑तसे मी॒ळ्हुष्ट॑माय॒ तव्य॑से । वो॒चेम॒ शंत॑मं हृ॒दे ॥
Transliteration
kád rudrā́ya prá-cetase mīḷhúṣ-ṭamāya távyaṣe | vócema śáṃ-tamaṃ hṛdé ||
Translation
What word shall we speak to Rudra, the far-seeing, the most bountiful, the mightiest—so that it becomes peace itself within the heart?
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
कत् । रु॒द्राय॑ । प्रऽचे॑तसे । मी॒ळ्हुःऽत॑माय । तव्य॑से । वो॒चेम॑ । शम्ऽत॑मम् । ह्द॒े ॥कत् । रुद्राय । प्रचेतसे । मीळ्हुःतमाय । तव्यसे । वोचेम । शम्तमम् । ह्दे ॥kat | rudrāya | pra-cetase | mīḷhuḥ-tamāya | tavyase | vocema | śam-tamam | hṛde
Word by Word
कद्when? (how soon?)
कद्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → कद्
रुद्रायto Rudra
रुद्राय:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootरुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रचेतसेto the wise/foreknowing one
प्रचेतसे:
Sampradāna
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootप्र-चेतस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘प्र’ + चेतस्)
मीळ्हुष्टमायto the most gracious/best benefactor
मीळ्हुष्टमाय:
Sampradāna
TypeAdjective
Rootमीळ्हुष्टम (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of मीळ्हुष्/मीळ्ह्वस् ‘kind, gracious, bountiful’ in RV usage)
तव्यसेto the mightier/very mighty one
तव्यसे:
Sampradāna
TypeAdjective (comparative)
Rootतवस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strength, might’) → तव्यास् (तुलनात्मक)
वोचेमmay we speak / let us utter
वोचेम:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
शंतमम्the most auspicious (utterance/thing)
शंतमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (used as noun: ‘most auspicious [word/hymn]’)
Rootशं (अव्यय ‘well, auspiciously’) + तमप् → शंतम (प्रातिपदिक; superlative)
हृदेfor the heart (to the heart)
हृदे:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootहृद् (प्रातिपदिक)