Mantra 21
Sukta 1.25
Rishi: वसिष्ठ (Vasiṣṭha) (traditional attribution for RV 1.25)
Devata: वरुण (Varuṇa) (as releaser from bonds)
Chandas: त्रिष्टुभ् (Triṣṭubh)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उदुत्तमं मुमुग्धि नो वि पाशं मध्यमं चृत । अवाधमानि जीवसे ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
उदु॑त्त॒मं मु॑मुग्धि नो॒ वि पाशं॑ मध्य॒मं चृ॑त । अवा॑ध॒मानि॑ जी॒वसे॑ ॥
Transliteration
úd uttamáṃ mumugdhi no ví pā́śaṃ madhyamáṃ cṛta | ávādhāmā́ni jīváse ||
Translation
Release us from the highest bond; cut away the middle snare; loosen the lower fetters so that we may live—free the soul from the knots of ignorance and fear, and let life move again in the wideness of ṛta.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
उत् । उ॒त्ऽत॒मम् । मु॒मु॒ग्धि॒ । नः॒ । वि । पाश॑म् । म॒ध्य॒मञ् चृ॒त॒ । अव॑ । अ॒ध॒मानि॑ । जी॒वसे॑ ॥उत् । उत्तमम् । मुमुग्धि । नः । वि । पाशम् । मध्यमञ् चृत । अव । अधमानि । जीवसे ॥ut | ut-tamam | mumugdhi | naḥ | vi | pāśam | madhyamañ cṛta | ava | adhamāni | jīvase
Word by Word
उद्up, out
उद्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउद् (upasarga) / √उद्- (to rise) as preverb
उत्तमम्the highest, the uppermost
उत्तमम्:
Karma (qualifier of the object ‘पाशम्’)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (superlative of उच्/उद् + तम; prātipadika उत्तम) अथवा उत्तर + तम
मुमुग्धिrelease!, loosen!
मुमुग्धि:
— (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√मुच् (मुचँ) ‘to release, loosen’ (Vedic: reduplicated imperative)
नःus, for us
नः:
Sampradāna (beneficiary: ‘for us’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (enclitic pronoun)
विapart, asunder
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (upasarga) / √वि- as preverb
पाशम्noose, bond
पाशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाश (prātipadika)
मध्यमम्the middle
मध्यमम्:
Karma (qualifier of the object ‘पाशम्’)
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम (prātipadika; comparative/superlative series: मध्यम) from मध्य
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (particle)
कृतmade, fastened
कृत:
Karma (qualifier of ‘पाशम्’)
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Root√कृ (कृञ्) ‘to do, make’ → past passive participle कृत
अवdown, away
अव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअव (upasarga) / √अव- as preverb
अधमानिthe lower (ones), the lowest (bonds)
अधमानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective (substantivized) / Noun-like
Rootअधम (prātipadika) ‘lowest, inferior’
जीवसेto live, for living
जीवसे:
Prayojana / Sampradāna (purpose/benefit)
TypeVerbal noun (infinitive) / Indeclinable-like
Root√जीव् (जीवँ) ‘to live’ → infinitive (Vedic dative-infinitive) जीवसे