Mantra 5
Sukta 1.23
Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva
Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतेन यावृतावृधावृतस्य ज्योतिषस्पती । ता मित्रावरुणा हुवे ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
ऋ॒तेन॒ यावृ॑ता॒वृधा॑वृ॒तस्य॒ ज्योति॑ष॒स्पती॑ । ता मि॒त्रावरु॑णा हुवे ॥
Transliteration
ṛtena yāv ṛtāvṛdhāv ṛtasya jyotiṣaspātī | tā mitrāvaruṇā huve ||
Translation
I call Mitra and Varuṇa—those two who grow by the Truth, who are strengthened by ṛta, the lords of the Light of ṛta—so that our being may be governed by the luminous law.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
ऋ॒तेन॑ । यौ । ऋ॒त॒ऽवृधौ॑ । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । ज्योति॑षः । पती॒ इति॑ । ता । मि॒त्रावरु॑णा । हु॒वे॒ ॥ऋतेन । यौ । ऋतवृधौ । ऋतस्य । ज्योतिषः । पती इति । ता । मित्रावरुणा । हुवे ॥ṛtena | yau | ṛta-vṛdhau | ṛtasya | jyotiṣaḥ | patī iti | tā | mitrāvaruṇā | huve
Word by Word
ऋतेनby/with cosmic order (ṛta)
ऋतेन:
करण (instrumental: ‘by/with ṛta’)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गतौ/ऋ- ‘to go, to fit’; semantic ‘cosmic order, truth’)
याwho (the two)
या:
कर्तृ (of the implied/copular clause) / विशेष्य-संबन्ध (relative pronoun)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वृताchosen / encompassed
वृता:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective (participle)
Root√वृ (वरणे ‘to choose/cover’) → वृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक), past passive participle
वृधाstrengthening, increasing
वृधा:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootवृध्/वर्ध् (प्रातिपदिक ‘वृधा’ = ‘strengthening, increasing’; Vedic adj.)
वृतस्यof the ordered/regulated (one/realm)
वृतस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the ordered/covered [realm]’)
TypeNoun/Adjective (used substantively)
Rootवृत (प्रातिपदिक; PPP of √वृ ‘covered/ordered/regulated’)
ज्योतिषस्पतीthe two lords of light
ज्योतिषस्पती:
कर्तृ (apposition to ‘या …’)
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootज्योतिस् (n.) + पति (m.) → ज्योतिष्पति (तत्पुरुष); dual form
ताthose two
ता:
कर्म (object of ‘हुवे’)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मित्रावरुणाO Mitra and Varuṇa
मित्रावरुणा:
सम्बोधन (addressed deities)
TypeNoun (proper deities)
Rootमित्र (m.) + वरुण (m.) → द्वन्द्व समास; vocative/nom.-dual form
हुवेI invoke / I call
हुवे:
क्रिया (main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√ह्वे/√हू (आह्वाने ‘to call, invoke’)