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Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 82, Shloka 3

इन्द्रजित्-हनूमद्-युद्धं तथा निकुम्भिलायां होमः

Indrajit vs Hanuman; Indrajit’s Nikumbhila rite

कस्माद्विषण्णवदनाविद्रवध्वंप्लवङ्गमाः ।त्यक्तयुद्धसमुत्साहाश्शूरत्वंक्वनुवोगतम् ।।।।

kasmād viṣaṇṇavadanā vidravadhvaṃ plavaṅgamāḥ | tyaktayuddhasamutsāhāḥ śūratvaṃ kva nu vo gatam ||

“O monkeys, why do you flee with downcast faces, having cast aside your zeal for battle? Where has your valor gone?”

कस्मात्from what cause? why?
कस्मात्:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Ablative Singular)
विषण्णवदनाःsad-faced (you)
विषण्णवदनाः:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeAdjective
Rootviṣaṇṇa-vadana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (addressing pl.)
विद्रवध्वम्are you running away / run away
विद्रवध्वम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-dru (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद (2nd person plural: ‘run away!’)
प्लवङ्गमाःO monkeys
प्लवङ्गमाः:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootplavaṅgama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (vocative sense)
त्यक्तयुद्धसमुत्साहाःhaving abandoned zeal for battle
त्यक्तयुद्धसमुत्साहाः:
Sambodhana/Viśeṣaṇa (सम्बोधन/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottyakta-yuddha-samutsāha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (युद्धसमुत्साहः त्यक्तः येषाम्); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
शूरत्वम्valor
शूरत्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśūra-tva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (Neuter Nom/Acc Singular)
क्वwhere
क्व:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रश्नाव्यय (interrogative adverb: where)
नुindeed, pray
नु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (interrogative/emphatic particle)
वःof you
वः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी/चतुर्थी, बहुवचन (Genitive/Dative Plural); अत्र षष्ठी (of you)
गतम्gone
गतम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘gone’ (with implied ‘asti’)

"On telling this fact (that Indrajith has killed Sita) to Rama and Sugriva and knowing their reply we will do what is to be done."

H
Hanuman
V
Vanaras

FAQs

Dharma here is steadfastness in a righteous cause: abandoning courage and fleeing from duty in crisis is censured.

After a frightening turn in battle, the Vanara fighters begin to lose heart and retreat; Hanuman calls them back to courage.

Moral courage and leadership—Hanuman rekindles collective resolve and refuses surrender to despair.

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