Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 74, Shloka 53

औषधिपर्वताहरणम् / The Retrieval of the Herb

Bearing Mountain

Devanagari script

स पर्वतान्वृक्षगवान् सरांसिनदीस्तटाकानिपुरोत्तमानि ।स्फीतान् जनान्तानपिसम्प्रवीक्ष्यजगामवेगापतितृतुल्यवेगः ।।6.74.53।।

Transliteration

sa parvatān vṛkṣa-gavān sarāṃsi nadīs taṭākāni purottamāni | sphītān janāntān api sampravīkṣya jagāma vegāt pitṛ-tulya-vegaḥ ||

Translation

Glancing over mountains, wooded lands, lakes, rivers, tanks, and the finest cities—and even flourishing settlements—he sped onward with a swiftness equal to his father’s.

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• पर्वतान्: mountains
• पर्वतान्: कर्म (Karman/Object seen)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• वृक्षगवान्: (regions with) trees and cattle
• वृक्षगवान्: कर्म (Karman/Object seen)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक्ष + गव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व (copulative: ‘trees and cattle’/‘tree- and cattle-filled (lands)’ as a collective); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन (contextual object list)

• सरांसि: lakes/ponds
• सरांसि: कर्म (Karman/Object seen)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• नदीः: rivers
• नदीः: कर्म (Karman/Object seen)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• तटाकानि: tanks/reservoirs
• तटाकानि: कर्म (Karman/Object seen)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तटाक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• पुरोत्तमानि: excellent cities
• पुरोत्तमानि: कर्म (Karman/Object seen)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (determinative: ‘best cities’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• स्फीतान्: prosperous
• स्फीतान्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्फीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणं (qualifying जनान्तान्)

• जनान्तान्: habitations/settlements
• जनान्तान्: कर्म (Karman/Object seen)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (determinative: ‘inhabited regions/settlements’); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/अपि-कार (also/even)

• सम्प्रवीक्ष्य: having observed
• सम्प्रवीक्ष्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+प्र√वीक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive): ‘having looked at/observed’

• जगाम: went
• जगाम: क्रिया (Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• वेगात्: swiftly/by speed
• वेगात्: हेतु (Hetu/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Abl/5th), एकवचन; कारण/हेतु-भाव (by reason of speed)

• पितृतुल्यवेगः: having speed equal to his father
• पितृतुल्यवेगः: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पितृ + तुल्य + वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (determinative: ‘with speed equal to (his) father’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणं (qualifying सः)

Context

Watching the mountains, trees, birds, rivers, tanks, the best of cities, all of them and prosperous people, he went at his father's speed.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Vāyu (implied by pitṛ, father)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as dutiful urgency: Hanumān does not linger despite marvels; he keeps focus on the righteous task, modeling disciplined prioritization.

What is the narrative situation?

As he travels, Hanumān surveys landscapes and human habitations below while maintaining extreme speed.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Ekāgratā (single-pointed focus) alongside capacity—he perceives the world yet remains unwavering in his mission.