Shloka 44

युद्धकाण्डे एकोनषष्टितमः सर्गः

Rāvaṇa’s Assault on Nīla and Lakṣmaṇa; Hanumān Bears Rāma

Devanagari script

तेवानरेन्द्रास्त्रिदशारिबाणैर्भिन्नानिपेतुर्भुविभीमकायाः ।ततस्तुतद्वानरसैन्यमुग्रंप्रच्छादयामाससबाणजालैः ।।6.59.44।।

Transliteration

te vānarendrās tridāśāribāṇair bhinnā nipetur bhuvi bhīmakāyāḥ |

tatas tu tad vānarasainyam ugraṃ pracchādayāmāsa sa bāṇajālaiḥ ||6.59.44||

Translation

Those fearsome-bodied leaders of the vānaras, torn by the arrows of the foe of the gods, fell upon the earth. Then he shrouded that formidable vānara host with torrents of arrows, a very net of shafts.

Word by Word

• ते: those
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (pronoun/सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• वानरेन्द्राः: monkey-lords (vanara leaders)
• वानरेन्द्राः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: वानराणाम् इन्द्राः (leaders among monkeys)

• त्रिदशारिबाणैः: with the arrows of the enemy of the gods (Rāvaṇa)
• त्रिदशारिबाणैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिदश + अरि + बाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: त्रिदशानाम् अरिः (enemy of gods) तस्य बाणैः

• भिन्नाः: pierced/torn
• भिन्नाः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भिद् (धातु) → भिन्न (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with वानरेन्द्राः

• निपेतुः: fell down
• निपेतुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + पत् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• भुवि: on the ground
• भुवि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू (प्रातिपदिक: भुव्/भूमि)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)

• भीमकायाः: of terrible bodies
• भीमकायाः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम + काय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); कर्मधारयः: भीमः कायः येषाम् (having terrible bodies); qualifies वानरेन्द्राः

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) of sequence

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (pronoun/सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); refers to 'that (army)'

• वानरसैन्यम्: the vanara army
• वानरसैन्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर + सैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: वानराणाम् सैन्यम्

• उग्रम्: fierce
• उग्रम्: Karma-anvaya (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with वानरसैन्यम्

• प्रच्छादयामास: covered
• प्रच्छादयामास: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + छद् (धातु)
• Form: Periphrastic perfect (लिट्/परस्मैपद; आमास-योग), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); causative sense 'to cover'

• स: he
• स: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (pronoun/सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); refers to Rāvaṇa

• बाणजालैः: with nets/volleys of arrows
• बाणजालैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाण + जाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: बाणानाम् जालैः (net/stream of arrows)

Context

The Vanara leaders of fierce form torn by the streams of sharp arrows discharged in the three directions fell covering the ground.

Characters & Entities

• Vānara leaders
• Rāvaṇa (implicit as tridāśāri)
• Vānara army
• arrows (bāṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights the reality that dharmic forces may suffer heavy losses; ethical resolve is measured by endurance and continued commitment to the just cause.

What is the narrative situation?

Key vānaras are struck down, and Rāvaṇa intensifies the assault by blanketing the broader vānara host with arrow volleys.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fortitude—withstanding massed violence without abandoning the righteous objective.