Shloka 144

युद्धकाण्डे एकोनषष्टितमः सर्गः

Rāvaṇa’s Assault on Nīla and Lakṣmaṇa; Hanumān Bears Rāma

Devanagari script

सएवमुक्तोहतदर्पहर्षोनिकृत्तचापश्चहताश्वसूतः ।शरार्दितःकृत्तमहाकिरीटोविवेशलङ्कांसहसास्मराजा ।।6.59.144।।

Transliteration

sa evam ukto hatadarpaharṣo nikṛttacāpaś ca hatāśvasūtaḥ |

śarārditaḥ kṛttamahākirīṭo viveśa laṅkāṃ sahasā sma rājā ||6.59.144||

Translation

Thus addressed, the king—his pride and exultation crushed, his bow shattered, his horses and charioteer slain, pierced by arrows, and his great crown broken—entered Laṅkā in haste.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम

• evam: thus
• evam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; प्रकारवाचक (thus)

• uktaḥ: having been addressed
• uktaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √vac)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; 'having been spoken to'

• hata-darpa-harṣaḥ: whose pride and joy were crushed
• hata-darpa-harṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hata+darpa+harṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (हतौ दर्पः हर्षश्च यस्य)

• nikṛtta-cāpaḥ: whose bow was cut/broken
• nikṛtta-cāpaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni+kṛtta+cāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (निकृत्तः चापः यस्य)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; समुच्चय

• hata-aśva-sūtaḥ: whose horses and charioteer were slain
• hata-aśva-sūtaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hata+aśva+sūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (हताः अश्वाः सूतः च यस्य)

• śara-arditaḥ: wounded by arrows
• śara-arditaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śara+ardita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √ard)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (शरैः अर्धितः)

• kṛtta-mahā-kirīṭaḥ: whose great crown was cut
• kṛtta-mahā-kirīṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛtta+mahā+kirīṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (कृत्तं महाकिरीटं यस्य)

• viveśa: entered
• viveśa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi+√viś (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• laṅkām: Lanka
• laṅkām: Gati/Karma (गति/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• sahasā: hastily
• sahasā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; क्रियाविशेषणम्

• sma: indeed
• sma: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sma (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; भूतार्थे/स्मरणार्थे निपातः (emphatic particle with past)

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

Context

Rama having spoken in that way (consoling), the king with his vanity and pride crushed, bow broken into pieces, horses and charioteer killed, wounded by arrows, crown broken entered Lanka hastily.

Characters & Entities

• Laṅkā
• rājā (Rāvaṇa)

FAQs

What dharmic idea is conveyed by the king’s humbled return to Laṅkā?

The verse highlights how adharma-driven pride collapses under righteous resistance; humiliation becomes a moral consequence of wrongdoing, pushing the aggressor to retreat and reassess.

How does this verse relate to satya (truth) in the Ramayana’s ethical frame?

Satya is reflected indirectly: reality asserts itself over delusion—boastful self-image is shattered by the truthful outcome of battle, revealing the true state of the king’s defeat.