Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 39, Shloka 1

लङ्कादर्शनम्

Viewing Laṅkā and its Forest-Gardens

Devanagari script

तांरात्रिमुषितास्तत्रसुवेलेहरिपुङ्गवाः ।लङ्कायांददृशुर्वीरावनान्युपवनानिच ।।6.39.1।।

Transliteration

tāṃ rātrim uṣitās tatra suvele haripuṅgavāḥ | laṅkāyāṃ dadṛśur vīrā vanāny upavanāni ca ||

Translation

Spending that night there on Suvela, the heroic leaders of the monkeys beheld in Laṅkā its forests and its pleasure-groves.

Word by Word

• tām: that
• tām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् 'रात्रिम्'

• rātrim: night
• rātrim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'उषिताः' इत्यस्य कालावधि-रूप कर्म

• uṣitāḥ: having stayed/spent (the night)
• uṣitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vas (धातु) + ta (क्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त) 'उषित' = having stayed; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगः (they stayed)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, स्थानवाचक क्रियाविशेषण

• suvele: on Suvela (mountain)
• suvele: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suvela (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• haripuṅgavāḥ: leaders of the monkeys
• haripuṅgavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक) + puṅgava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (हरीणां पुंगवाः)

• laṅkāyām: in Lanka
• laṅkāyām: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• dadṛśuḥ: saw
• dadṛśuḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• vīrāḥ: heroes
• vīrāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'हरिपुङ्गवाः' इत्यस्य समानाधिकरणम्

• vanāni: forests
• vanāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• upavanāni: groves/gardens
• upavanāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upavana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

Context

The heroic leader of the monkeys kept awake that night on the Suvela and saw forests and gardens there in Lanka.

Characters & Entities

• Suvela
• Laṅkā
• Vānara leaders (haripuṅgava)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in action includes vigilance and preparedness: the leaders keep watch and observe the enemy’s terrain before engagement.

What is the narrative situation?

The vānara chiefs remain on Suvela overnight and visually survey Laṅkā, noting its natural features.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Alert leadership and strategic awareness among the vānara commanders.