Shloka 43

किष्किन्धाप्रवेशः—लक्ष्मणस्य कोपः, तारासान्त्वम्, सुग्रीवदर्शनम्

Lakshmana Enters Kishkindha: Anger, Tara’s Mediation, and Sugriva Encountered

Devanagari script

किमयं कामवृत्तस्ते लुप्तधर्मार्थसङ्ग्रहः।भर्ता भर्तृहिते युक्ते न चैनमवबुद्ध्यसे।।।।

Transliteration

kim ayaṃ kāma-vṛttas te lupta-dharmārtha-saṅgrahaḥ | bhartā bhartṛ-hite yukte na cainam avabuddhyase ||

Translation

Why is your husband given over to pleasure, having let go of the rightful pursuit of dharma and artha? Though you are devoted to his welfare, why do you not recognize this?

Word by Word

• किम्: why
• किम्: Prayojana/Hetu (प्रयोजन/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; interrogative used adverbially (why)

• अयम्: this (man)
• अयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• कामवृत्तः: driven by desire
• कामवृत्तः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक) + वृत्त (कृदन्त; √वृत्)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: kāme vṛttaḥ (acting by desire)

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha/Ṣaṣṭhī (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana

• लुप्तधर्मार्थसङ्ग्रहः: who has lost regard for dharma and artha
• लुप्तधर्मार्थसङ्ग्रहः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लुप्त (कृदन्त; √लुप्) + धर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + सङ्ग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Bahuvrīhi: luptaḥ dharmārthasaṅgrahaḥ yasya (one whose collection of dharma and artha is lost)

• भर्ता: husband
• भर्ता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• भर्तृहिते: in the husband's welfare
• भर्तृहिते: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक) + हित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Saptamī, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: bhartuḥ hitam (husband's welfare)

• युक्ते: engaged
• युक्ते: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युक्त (कृदन्त; √युज्)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; agreeing with (implicit) भर्तरि/अयम्: 'when he is engaged'

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-nipāta (negation)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Samucchaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: enad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• अवबुद्ध्यसे: you understand/recognize
• अवबुद्ध्यसे: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-√बुध् (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra, Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd person/मध्यमपुरुष), Ekavacana; ātmanepada

Context

'O lady, your husband engrossed in sensual pleasures, has lost sight of dharma and artha. Why don't you understand it in the interest of your husband whose well-wisher you are?

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Tārā
• Sugrīva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires governance of kāma: pleasure must not eclipse duty (dharma) and responsible governance/prosperity (artha).

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa challenges Tārā regarding Sugrīva’s indulgence and failure to uphold the promised assistance to Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral clarity and insistence on duty—Lakṣmaṇa articulates the hierarchy of life-goals where dharma leads.