Shloka 20

किष्किन्धाप्रवेशः—लक्ष्मणस्य कोपः, तारासान्त्वम्, सुग्रीवदर्शनम्

Lakshmana Enters Kishkindha: Anger, Tara’s Mediation, and Sugriva Encountered

Devanagari script

स सप्त कक्ष्या धर्मात्मा नानाजनसमाकुलाः।प्रविश्य सुमहद्गगुप्तं ददर्शान्तःपुरं महत्।।4.33.19।।हैमराजतपर्यङ्कैर्बहुभिश्च वरासनैः।महार्हास्तरणोपेतैस्तत्र तत्रोपशोभितम्।।4.33.20।।

Transliteration

haimarājataparyaṅkair bahubhiś ca varāsanaiḥ |

mahārhāstaraṇopetais tatra tatropaśobhitam ||

Translation

It was adorned here and there with many fine couches of gold and silver, and with excellent seats furnished with costly coverings and cushions.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he (Lakṣmaṇa)
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• sapta: seven
• sapta: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sapta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Numeral adjective (सङ्ख्याविशेषण), Indeclinable-like usage; qualifying 'kakṣyāḥ' (fem. pl.)

• kakṣyāḥ: enclosures/courtyards
• kakṣyāḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kakṣyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन)

• dharmātmā: righteous-souled
• dharmātmā: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) adjective: 'whose self is righteous'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• nānā-jana-samākulāḥ: crowded with various people
• nānā-jana-samākulāḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nānā (अव्यय) + jana (प्रातिपदिक) + samākula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjective; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग) Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन), agreeing with 'kakṣyāḥ'

• praviśya: having entered
• praviśya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-viś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), 'having entered'

• su-mahat: very great/huge
• su-mahat: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su + mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन), qualifying 'antaḥpuram'

• guptam: guarded/protected
• guptam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gup (धातु) > gupta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन), qualifying 'antaḥpuram'

• dadarśa: saw
• dadarśa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Singular (एकवचन)

• antaḥpuram: inner palace/harem
• antaḥpuram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: antaḥpura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) noun; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)

• mahat: great
• mahat: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन), qualifying 'antaḥpuram'

• haima-rājata-paryaṅkaiḥ: with gold-and-silver couches
• haima-rājata-paryaṅkaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: haima (प्रातिपदिक) + rājata (प्रातिपदिक) + paryaṅka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) within modifier 'haima-rājata' (gold-and-silver) + tatpuruṣa with 'paryaṅka'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन)

• bahubhiḥ: with many
• bahubhiḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन), qualifying 'varāsanaiḥ'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• vara-āsanaiḥ: with excellent seats/thrones
• vara-āsanaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vara (प्रातिपदिक) + āsana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) noun; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन)

• mahā-arha-āstaraṇa-upetaiḥ: provided with very costly coverings/cushions
• mahā-arha-āstaraṇa-upetaiḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + arha (प्रातिपदिक) + āstaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + upeta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjective; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन), qualifying 'varāsanaiḥ/paryaṅkaiḥ' (as furnishings)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• tatra: here and there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (पुनरुक्ति for distributive sense)

• upaśobhitam: adorned/beautified
• upaśobhitam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upa-śubh (धातु) > upaśobhita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन), qualifying 'antaḥpuram'

Context

Righteous Lakshmana crossed the seven enclosures filled with different kinds of people and saw a great harem full of several bright gold and silver cots, excellent seats here and there with best of cushions spread.

Characters & Entities

• Antaḥpura (inner apartments)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse implicitly contrasts external luxury with inner discipline: prosperity is depicted, but dharma requires restraint and right use of power and wealth.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa observes the opulent furnishing of Sugrīva’s inner palace areas.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discerning seriousness: Lakṣmaṇa’s attention is not captured by luxury; his mission remains foremost.