Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 13

कुशनाभकन्याशतविवाहः — The Marriage of Kuśanābha’s Hundred Daughters

and the Birth of Brahmadatta

Devanagari script

सा च तं प्रणता भूत्वा शुश्रूषणपरायणा।उवास काले धर्मिष्ठा तस्यास्तुष्टोऽभवद्गुरु:।।1.33.13।।

Transliteration

sā ca taṃ praṇatā bhūtvā śuśrūṣaṇaparāyaṇā | uvāsa kāle dharmiṣṭhā tasyās tuṣṭo 'bhavad guruḥ ||

Translation

Bowing before him, she remained wholly devoted to his service. In due course, steadfast in righteousness and abiding in dharma, she pleased her guru, and the teacher became fully satisfied with her.

Word by Word

• सा: she
• सा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• प्रणता: having bowed
• प्रणता: Karta (कर्ता; participle agreeing with subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-नम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (past participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘bowed down’

• भूत्वा: having become
• भूत्वा: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/absolutive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive)

• शुश्रूषण-परायणा: devoted to service
• शुश्रूषण-परायणा: Visheshana (विशेषण of ‘सा’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुश्रूषण (प्रातिपदिक) + परायण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (उपपद/निर्देश: शुश्रूषणायां परायणा); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• उवास: dwelt/lived
• उवास: Kriya (क्रिया/finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वस् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• काले: in due time
• काले: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location-Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; अधिकरण (locative)

• धर्मिष्ठा: most righteous
• धर्मिष्ठा: Visheshana (विशेषण of ‘सा’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; इष्ठ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अतिशय-विशेषण (superlative sense)

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• तुष्टः: pleased
• तुष्टः: Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्ता-समानाधिकरण; predicate adj.)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुष् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अभवत्: became/was
• अभवत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• गुरुः: the teacher (guru)
• गुरुः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

Somada rendered her services with devotion and humility. There she lived a religious life. In the might time her spiritual guide was satisfied with her services.

Characters & Entities

• Somadā
• Cūlī (guru)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as faithful service and integrity over time: consistent right conduct (not momentary display) earns trust and spiritual grace.

What is the narrative situation?

Somadā’s sustained service to Cūlī matures; her conduct leads to the sage’s satisfaction, enabling the possibility of a boon.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Śuśrūṣā (attentive service) joined with dharmiṣṭhatā (firm righteousness).