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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 16

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

धर्मतः स विशुद्धात्मा वीरः शुभदृढव्रतः।उपवाह्यस्तु वो भर्ता नापवाह्यः पुराद्वनम्।।।।

dharmataḥ sa viśuddhātmā vīraḥ śubhadṛḍhavrataḥ |

upavāhyas tu vo bhartā nāpavāhyaḥ purād vanam ||

He is righteous in dharma, pure in heart, heroic, and steadfast in his auspicious vow. Your lord should be borne back, not carried onward from the city into the forest.

dharmataḥrighteously
dharmataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb): 'according to dharma/righteously'
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
viśuddhātmāpure-souled
viśuddhātmā:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootviśuddha + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समास ('one whose self is pure'); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of saḥ/bhartā
vīraḥhero, brave one
vīraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvīra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय (predicate noun)
śubha-dṛḍha-vrataḥof auspicious and firm vow
śubha-dṛḍha-vrataḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśubha + dṛḍha + vrata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (multiple adjectives qualifying vrata); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
upavāhyaḥshould be carried back
upavāhyaḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-√vah (वह् धातु) + ya (य)
Formकृदन्त (gerundive/obligatory), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय: 'should be carried back'
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, विरोध/अन्वय (particle: 'but/indeed')
vaḥyour
vaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; 'of you/your'
bhartāmaster, lord
bhartā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निषेध
apavāhyaḥshould not be carried away
apavāhyaḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootapa-√vah (वह् धातु) + ya (य)
Formकृदन्त (gerundive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय: 'should not be carried away'
purātfrom the city
purāt:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpura (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचन-रूपेण अव्यय (ablatival): 'from the city'
vanamto the forest
vanam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; गत्यर्थे कर्म (destination as object)

Having seen the aged brahmins muttering pitiful lamentations in this manner, Rama immediately alighted from the chariot.

R
Rama (as 'bhartā')
F
forest (vana)

FAQs

The verse frames Rama as dharmic and therefore worthy of protection and rightful kingship; it implies that sending such a person to hardship is a moral disorder.

Brahmins plead with those managing Rama’s movement to reverse course and return him from the road to exile.

Rama’s purity, bravery, and steadfastness in vow—qualities that make him the moral center of the community.