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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 40, Shloka 21

प्रयाणवर्णनम्

Departure from Ayodhya; Civic Lament and the Chariot’s Urgency

पार्श्वतः पृष्ठतश्चापि लम्बमानास्तदुन्मुखाः।बाष्पपूर्णमुखास्सर्वे तमूचुर्भृशनिस्वनाः।।।।

pārśvataḥ pṛṣṭhataś cāpi lambamānās tad-unmukhāḥ | bāṣpa-pūrṇa-mukhāḥ sarve tam ūcur bhṛśa-nisvanāḥ ||

Clinging to the chariot from the sides and from behind, all of them—faces brimming with tears, voices choked by deep sobbing—spoke to Sumantra.

pārśvataḥat the side
pārśvataḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpārśvatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb): पार्श्वेभ्यः/पार्श्वतः (from/at the side)
pṛṣṭhataḥfrom behind
pṛṣṭhataḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpṛṣṭhatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त: पृष्ठतः (from behind/behind)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction: and)
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अपि-निपात (also/even)
lambamānāḥclinging/leaning
lambamānāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√lamb (लम्ब्) + शानच् (शतृ-समकक्ष)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present participle, Ātmanepada sense): hanging/leaning
tad-unmukhāḥfacing him
tad-unmukhāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottad + unmukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (tasmin unmukhāḥ = facing him); विशेषणम् (qualifies sarve)
bāṣpa-pūrṇa-mukhāḥwith faces full of tears
bāṣpa-pūrṇa-mukhāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootbāṣpa + pūrṇa + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (bāṣpena pūrṇaṃ mukhaṃ yeṣām) used adjectivally; tears-filled faces
sarveall
sarve:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सर्वनामसदृश-विशेषण (all)
tamhim (Sumantra)
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; सर्वनाम; संबोधन-लक्ष्य (the one addressed)
ūcuḥsaid
ūcuḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच्)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्
bhṛśa-nisvanāḥwith loud cries
bhṛśa-nisvanāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhṛśa (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + nisvana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः (bhṛśaḥ nisvanaḥ yeṣām/ye) = very loud/noisy; विशेषणम्

All the people hanging from the chariot from behind and by the sides, heaving deeply, their faces covered with tears, thus addressed to Sumantra:

A
Ayodhyā (citizens)
S
Sumantra
R
Rāma (implied by the chariot scene)

FAQs

It shows the dharmic bond between ruler and subjects: their grief is not mere emotion, but a response to the loss of righteous protection and moral order.

Citizens physically surround and cling to the moving chariot and then address Sumantra, pleading through tears.

Collective loyalty and devotion to a dharmic prince; also the restraint of addressing the charioteer as a practical mediator.