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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 19, Shloka 27

एकोनविंशः सर्गः (Sarga 19): Rāma’s Unshaken Acceptance of Exile and Kaikeyī’s Urgency

स रामस्य वचश्श्रृत्वा भृशं दुःखहतः पिता।शोकादशक्नुवन्वकतुं प्ररुरोद महास्वनम्।।2.19.27।।

sa rāmasya vacaḥ śrutvā bhṛśaṃ duḥkhahataḥ pitā | śokād aśaknuvan vaktuṃ praruroda mahāsvanam ||2.19.27||

Hearing Rāma’s words, the father—struck down by intense grief—unable to speak from sorrow, cried out in a loud voice.

saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
rāmasyaof Rama
rāmasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
vacaḥwords
vacaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvac (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), indeclinable
bhṛśamgreatly
bhṛśam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbhṛśam (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (तीव्रता)
duḥkha-hataḥstricken with sorrow
duḥkha-hataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + hata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √han)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुष: 'struck by grief' qualifying pitā
pitāfather (Daśaratha)
pitā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
śokātfrom sorrow
śokāt:
Hetu (हेतु/पञ्चमी)
TypeNoun
Rootśoka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular
aśaknuvanwas not able
aśaknuvan:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśak (धातु)
FormLaṅ (Imperfect/लङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person (प्रथम-पुरुष), Singular; with augment a-; present stem śaknu-
vaktumto speak
vaktum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्), indeclinable
prarurodacried
praruroda:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootrud (धातु)
FormLiṭ (Perfect/लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person (प्रथम-पुरुष), Singular; reduplicated perfect
mahā-svanamwith a loud cry
mahā-svanam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + svana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; used adverbially as manner: 'with loud sound'

Father (Dasaratha), too tormented with grief to speak cried out loudly on hearing the words of Rama.

R
Rāma
D
Daśaratha

FAQs

The verse highlights the human cost of dharma-bound promises: truth must be upheld even when it brings profound suffering.

Daśaratha reacts to Rāma’s acceptance of exile, overwhelmed by grief and unable to respond verbally.

Rāma’s resolve indirectly underscores Daśaratha’s tragic burden of keeping his pledged word.