Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 111, Shloka 30

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकादशोत्तरशततमः सर्गः

Sarga 111: Counsel on Gurus, Parental Debt, and Bharata’s Protest

Devanagari script

जानामि भरतं क्षान्तं गुरुसत्कारकारिणम्।सर्वमेवात्र कल्याणं सत्यसन्धे महात्मनि।।।।

Transliteration

jānāmi bharataṃ kṣāntaṃ gurusatkārakāriṇam |sarvam evātra kalyāṇaṃ satyasandhe mahātmani ||

Translation

I know Bharata—patient, and one who honors elders and teachers. For this great soul, steadfast in truth, all here will surely end in good.

Word by Word

• जानामि: I know
• जानामि: क्रिया (Verb/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• भरतम्: Bharata
• भरतम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/accusative), एकवचन

• क्षान्तम्: forbearing
• क्षान्तम्: विशेषण (Qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षान्त (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-निष्पन्न)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; भरतम् इति विशेषणम्

• गुरुसत्कारकारिणम्: one who honors elders/teachers
• गुरुसत्कारकारिणम्: विशेषण (Qualifier of भरतम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुरु + सत्कार + कारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास: गुरूणां सत्कारं करोति इति (one who performs honoring of elders)

• सर्वम्: everything
• सर्वम्: कर्ता (Subject of implied 'is')
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• एव: indeed
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphasis)

• अत्र: here/for him
• अत्र: अधिकरण (Context/locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place/ संदर्भे 'in this case/for him')

• कल्याणम्: auspiciousness/welfare
• कल्याणम्: विधेय (Predicate complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कल्याण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-नाम (predicate noun)

• सत्यसन्धे: in the case of the true-to-his-word (one)
• सत्यसन्धे: अधिकरण (Reference: 'in/with regard to')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य + सन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/locative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: सत्ये सन्धिः/सन्धा यस्य (true to his vow); संबोधनार्थे सप्तमी (locative of reference)

• महात्मनि: in the great-souled one
• महात्मनि: अधिकरण (Reference/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेष्य (refers to Bharata)

Context

I know Bharata as a man of forbearance and one who honours elders. Everything will turn out well for this great soul wedded to truth.

Characters & Entities

• Rama (implied speaker)
• Bharata
• guru (elders/teachers)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma recognizes and relies on proven character: truthfulness (satyasandhi) and reverence for elders are presented as foundations for auspicious governance.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama reassures the public by attesting to Bharata’s virtues, countering suspicion and stabilizing the succession crisis.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s kṣamā (forbearance) and satya (truth-steadfastness), along with respectful conduct toward gurus and elders.