Jyotiṣa-saṅgraha: Varga-vibhāga, Bala-nirṇaya, Garbha-phala, Āyuḥ-gaṇanā
निशींदुकुजसौराश्च सर्वदा क्षोह्नि चापरे । क्रूराः कृष्णे सिते सौम्याः मतं कालबलं बुधैः ॥ ३० ॥
niśīṃdukujasaurāśca sarvadā kṣohni cāpare | krūrāḥ kṛṣṇe site saumyāḥ mataṃ kālabalaṃ budhaiḥ || 30 ||
Night, the Moon, Mars, and Saturn are regarded as always harsh; some others too become harsh when their influence is disturbed. In the dark fortnight (kṛṣṇa-pakṣa) they are considered severe, while in the bright fortnight (śukla-pakṣa) they are considered gentle—this is the view of the wise regarding the strength of Time (kāla-bala).
Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in the Moksha Dharma context)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka
It teaches that spiritual and ritual actions should respect kāla (time) and its strength, since timing—especially lunar fortnight dynamics—affects the ease or intensity (saumya/krūra) of outcomes.
While not directly prescribing bhakti, it supports devotional practice by advising wise timing for vrata, japa, and worship—reducing obstacles by aligning sādhana with favorable kāla-bala.
Jyotiṣa (Vedāṅga astrology): assessment of kāla-bala through pakṣa (dark/bright fortnight) and the functional nature of grahas like Chandra, Mangala, and Shani for selecting auspicious periods.