Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 61, Shloka 78

Adhyaya 61 — The Second Manvantara Begins: The Brahmin’s Swift Journey and Varuthini’s Temptation on Himavat

Sanskrit

यथा वै वैदिकं कर्म स्वकाले नोज्झितं मया ।

तेन सत्येन पश्येयं गृहस्थोऽद्य दिवाकरम् ॥

Transliteration

yathā vai vaidikaṃ karma sva-kāle nojjhitaṃ mayā | tena satyena paśyeyaṃ gṛhastho 'dya divākaram ||

Translation

“Since I have not neglected Vedic duties at their proper times, by that truth may I—though a householder—behold the sun today.”

Word by Word

• यथा: just as
• यथा: सम्बन्ध (Correlative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; यथार्थक (correlative adverb: ‘as/just as’)

• वै: indeed
• वै: सम्बन्ध/निश्चय (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निश्चयार्थक (emphasis)

• वैदिकम्: Vedic
• वैदिकम्: कर्मविशेषण (Qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वैदिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण

• कर्म: rite/duty
• कर्म: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• स्वकाले: at the proper time
• स्वकाले: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location-time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व-काल (प्रातिपदिक: स्व + काल)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (at its proper time)

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध

• उज्झितम्: abandoned
• उज्झितम्: कर्म (Karma; with implied ‘कर्म’ as object)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद् + हा (धातु) → उज्झित (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त-भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘abandoned/left off’

• मया: by me
• मया: कर्ता (Karta/Agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन

• तेन: by that
• तेन: करण (Instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन

• सत्येन: by (this) truth
• सत्येन: करण (Instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन

• पश्येयम्: may I see
• पश्येयम्: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिङ्-लकार (Optative), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• गृहस्थः: a householder (I)
• गृहस्थः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृहस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन

• अद्य: today
• अद्य: कालाधिकरण (Time adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक

• दिवाकरम्: the sun
• दिवाकरम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिवाकर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

Speakers

• brāhmaṇa → Agni (within Mārkaṇḍeya’s narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Agni
• Sūrya (Divākara) (by reference)

Key Themes

• Timely performance of duty
• Gṛhastha dharma
• Satya as spiritual capital
• Ritual regularity

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Regular, timely duty (kāla-niyama) is a cornerstone of dharma; the verse implies that integrity in daily obligations generates a trustworthy ‘truth-force’ (satya-bala).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra (conduct) and ritual discipline; not a direct pancalakṣaṇa unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘sun’ signifies illumination and right discernment; the householder who does not abandon timely duties is promised continued inner light, even amid worldly responsibilities.