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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 37, Shloka 33

Adhyaya 37 — Alarka’s Crisis and the Teaching on Non-Attachment (Madālasa’s Instruction Recalled)

Sanskrit

न्यूूनातिरिक्ततां याति पञ्चकेऽस्मिन् सुखासुखम् ।

यदि स्यान्म किन्न स्यादन्यस्थेऽपि हि तन्मयि ॥

Transliteration

nyūnātiriktatāṃ yāti pañcake ’smin sukhāsukham | yadi syān ma kin na syād anyasthe ’pi hi tan-mayi ||

Translation

Pleasure and pain are found as deficiency or excess within this fivefold aggregate, the embodied complex. If they truly belonged to me, why would they not exist for me even when I abide elsewhere, apart from it, though my nature is consciousness?

Word by Word
न्यूनातिरिक्तताम्the state of deficiency-and-excess
न्यूनातिरिक्तताम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootन्यूनातिरिक्तता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—न्यून + अतिरिक्त (द्वन्द्व) + ता (भावप्रत्यय)
यातिgoes/attains
याति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
पञ्चकेin the group of five
पञ्चके:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Masc/Neut), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
सुखासुखम्pleasure and pain
सुखासुखम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुख + असुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—सुख + असुख (द्वन्द्व)
यदिif
यदि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; शर्तार्थक-सम्बन्धबोधक (conditional conjunction)
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
माnot / let not
मा:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेधार्थक (prohibitive/negative particle)
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)
नnot
न:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
अन्यस्थेin something else/elsewhere
अन्यस्थे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्यस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—अन्य + स्थ (तत्पुरुष)
अपिalso/even
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/समुच्चयार्थक (also/even)
हिindeed/for
हि:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; हेत्वर्थक/निश्चयार्थक (indeed/for)
तन्मयिin that-constituted (in that)
तन्मयि:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतन्मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—तत् + मय (तत्पुरुष)
Speakers
Philosophical speaker within the dialogue (Advaitic self-inquiry voice; exact named speaker not provided in the excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jnana", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
Ātman distinct from body-mindSukha-duḥkha as properties of the aggregateDispassion (vairāgya)Yoga/Vedānta-style inquiry

FAQs

Pleasure and pain fluctuate due to conditions in the embodied complex; therefore one should not claim them as the Self. Ethically, this supports equanimity and reduced attachment/aversion.

Not a pañcalakṣaṇa topic (sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita); it belongs to upadeśa (instruction) embedded in narrative dialogue.

‘Deficiency/excess’ hints that sukha-duḥkha are measurable modifications (vikāra) of the kośa-complex; the witnessing Self is non-quantifiable and thus not their locus.

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