Shloka 57

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

न भक्षयीत सततं प्रत्यक्षलवणानि च ।

वर्ज्यं चिरोषितं पुत्र ! भक्तं पर्युषितञ्च यत् ॥

Transliteration

na bhakṣayīta satataṃ pratyakṣalavaṇāni ca | varjyaṃ ciroṣitaṃ putra! bhaktaṃ paryuṣitañ ca yat ||

Translation

One should not constantly eat foods that are overtly salty. And, dear son, food that has been kept long, and that which is stale or left overnight, should be avoided.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध (negative particle)

• bhakṣayīta: should eat
• bhakṣayīta: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhakṣ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• satatam: always/continually
• satatam: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: satata (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत्)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative used as avyaya)

• pratyakṣa-lavaṇāni: manifest/visible salts (salty items)
• pratyakṣa-lavaṇāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pratyakṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + lavaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारयसमास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• varjyam: to be avoided
• varjyam: Karma (कर्म; implied)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: varjya (कृदन्त; √vṛj/varj धातु)
• Form: कृत्य (gerundive/यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘वर्जनीयम्’

• ciroṣitam: kept for a long time
• ciroṣitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: cira (प्रातिपदिक) + uṣita (कृदन्त; √vas/√uṣ? ‘to stay’)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (भक्तम्)

• putra: O son
• putra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन विभक्ति, एकवचन

• bhaktam: cooked food
• bhaktam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhakta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• paryuṣitam: stale/kept overnight
• paryuṣitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pari-uṣita (कृदन्त; √vas/√uṣ? with pari-)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (भक्तम्)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• yat: which/that
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

Speakers

• Not identifiable from the provided verses alone; vocative 'putra' suggests elder-to-younger instruction.

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Dietary moderation
• Health and purity
• Avoiding stale food

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Moderation (especially in taste) is dharmic discipline, and freshness/purity of food is prioritized; habitual indulgence and stale food are treated as harmful to both body and clarity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not pancalakṣaṇa; it is practical dharma concerning āhāra (diet) and śauca.

What is the esoteric significance?

Over-salting and stale food can be read as metaphors for overstimulation and ‘old impressions’; avoiding them supports a calmer, more sattvic inner condition.