Shloka 39

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

एतत् ते पुत्र कथितं श्राद्धकर्म यथोदितम् । काम्यानां श्रूयतां वत्स श्राद्धानां तिथिकीर्तनम् ॥

Transliteration

etat te putra kathitaṃ śrāddha-karma yathoditam / kāmyānāṃ śrūyatāṃ vatsa śrāddhānāṃ tithi-kīrtanam

Translation

Thus, O son, the śrāddha rite has been explained to you as stated in tradition. Now, dear child, listen to the recitation of the lunar dates (tithi) for desire-motivated (kāmya) śrāddhas.

Word by Word

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative/accusative singular (neuter)

• ते: to you/for you
• ते: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; genitive/dative singular ‘of/to you’ (enclitic)

• पुत्र: O son
• पुत्र: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (vocative), एकवचन

• कथितम्: (has been) told
• कथितम्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कथित (कृदन्त; कथ् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; used predicatively ‘has been told’

• श्राद्धकर्म: the śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धकर्म: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध-कर्म (प्रातिपदिक; श्राद्ध + कर्मन्)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: श्राद्धस्य कर्म; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यथा: as
• यथा: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकार/उपमानवाचक (adverb: ‘as’)

• उदितम्: as prescribed/said
• उदितम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदित (कृदन्त; वद्/उद्+इ (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘as stated/declared’ (qualifies श्राद्धकर्म)

• काम्यानाम्: of desire-motivated (optional) [rites]
• काम्यानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक (प्रायः), षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; genitive plural ‘of optional/desire-motivated (rites)’

• श्रूयताम्: let (it) be heard
• श्रूयताम्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (आज्ञार्थ), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; imperative passive-style: ‘let it be heard’

• वत्स: O dear child
• वत्स: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचन

• श्राद्धानाम्: of śrāddhas
• श्राद्धानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; genitive plural

• तिथिकीर्तनम्: the recitation/mention of (proper) lunar days
• तिथिकीर्तनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिथि-कीर्तन (प्रातिपदिक; तिथि + कीर्तन)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: तिथेः कीर्तनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speakers

• Madālasā (transition marker within the discourse)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Ritual classification (kāmya)
• Calendar/tithi

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text distinguishes between duty-based performance and desire-based performance, indicating an ethical hierarchy while still accommodating householders’ aims within a regulated framework.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

It is a structural transition in a dharma section; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Naming the tithis’ implies that time itself is a sacramental medium; aligning action with sacred time is a way of harmonizing personal intention with cosmic rhythm.