Shloka 56
Adhyāya 55: Pārtha–Rādheya Saṃvāda and Tactical Exchange
Chapter 55
महतो रथवंशस्य नानाध्वजपताकिन: । बलाहकाग्रे सूर्यो वा य एष प्रमुखे स्थित:
arjuna uvāca | mahato rathavaṁśasya nānādhvajapatākinaḥ | balāhakāgre sūryo vā ya eṣa pramukhe sthitaḥ |
Arjuna said: “Behold him who stands at the very front of that vast host of chariot-warriors, marked by many banners and pennons—shining like the sun emerging before the mass of clouds. He is Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu, our own grandsire: seated on a splendid chariot, bearing a mighty bow, distinguished by his emblems and royal insignia. Yet, though endowed with the majesty of sovereignty, he has placed himself under Duryodhana’s command; and that very sight burns my heart with sorrow.”
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights the ethical pain caused when a venerable elder, worthy of honor and independent authority, submits to an unrighteous command. It frames a dharma-conflict: reverence for elders and loyalty to one’s side versus the sorrow of seeing greatness harnessed to adharma.
Arjuna identifies the foremost warrior shining at the head of the army as Bhīṣma, Śāntanu’s son. He describes Bhīṣma’s splendor and martial eminence, then laments that Bhīṣma, despite his stature, serves under Duryodhana—an image that deeply distresses him.