Shloka 4
Dharma-śaṅkā-nivāraṇa: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Response on Karma-Phala and Trust in Dharma
Devanagari script
यावद्गोस्तनपानाच्च यावच्छायोपसेवनात् | जन्तव: कर्मणा वृत्तिमाप्रुवन्ति युधिष्ठिर,महाराज युधिष्ठिर! गौओंके बछड़े भी माताका दूध पीते और छायामें जाकर विश्राम करते हैं। इस प्रकार सभी जीव कर्म करके ही जीवन-निर्वाह करते हैं
Transliteration
yāvad gostanapānāc ca yāvac chāyopasevanāt | jantavaḥ karmaṇā vṛttim āpruvanti yudhiṣṭhira ||
Translation
Yudhiṣṭhira said: “From the time a calf drinks its mother cow’s milk to the time it seeks rest in the shade, living beings sustain their livelihood through activity. In this world, life is maintained by effort and work; none can remain without action.”
Word by Word
यावत्as long as / until
यावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत्
Formcorrelative adverb (yāvat…tāvat construction implied)
गोःof the cow
गोः:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
Formfeminine, genitive, singular
स्तनपानात्from suckling (drinking at the teat)
स्तनपानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्तनपान
Formneuter, ablative, singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
Formconjunction
यावत्as long as / until
यावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत्
Formcorrelative adverb
छायोपसेवनात्from resorting to shade (resting in shade)
छायोपसेवनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootछायोपसेवन
Formneuter, ablative, singular
जन्तवःcreatures / living beings
जन्तवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
कर्मणाby action / through work
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
वृत्तिम्livelihood / sustenance
वृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
आप्नुवन्तिobtain / attain
आप्नुवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
Formpresent tense (laṭ), parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
Formmasculine, vocative, singular (proper noun)
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Characters & Entities
Y
YudhiṣṭhiraC
cow (go)C
calf (implied by nursing)S
shade (chāyā)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Sandhi Notes