Shloka 48

Adhiratha-Rādhā Discover the Casket; Vasuṣeṇa (Karṇa) is Adopted and Formed

Devanagari script

उवाच परमप्रीत: सुहृन्मध्य इदं वच: । देवगन्धर्वयक्षाणां मानुषासुरभोगिनाम्‌

Transliteration

uvāca paramaprītaḥ suhṛn-madhya idaṁ vacaḥ | deva-gandharva-yakṣāṇāṁ mānuṣāsura-bhoginām

Translation

Markandeya said: In the midst of his friends, filled with deep joy, he spoke these words—words concerning the enjoyments and spheres of experience of gods, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, humans, and Asuras.

Word by Word

• उवाच: said/spoke
• उवाच: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: लिट् (परोक्शभूत/परफेक्ट), 3, singular, परस्मैपदम्

• परमप्रीतः: extremely pleased
• परमप्रीतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परमप्रीत (परम + प्रीत)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• सुहृत्-मध्ये: in the midst of friends
• सुहृत्-मध्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृत् + मध्य
• Form: masculine, locative, singular

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• वचः: speech/words
• वचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• देव-गन्धर्व-यक्षाणाम्: of the gods, Gandharvas, and Yakshas
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव + गन्धर्व + यक्ष
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• मानुष-असुर-भोगिनाम्: of humans, Asuras, and serpents (bhogins)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष + असुर + भोगिन्
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya
• devas
• gandharvas
• yakṣas
• humans (mānuṣas)
• asuras

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames a discourse about the differing modes of enjoyment and lived experience (bhoga) across various orders of beings—gods, semi-divines, humans, and Asuras—suggesting a moral-cosmological reflection on how pleasure and status vary by realm and nature.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya reports that a speaker, delighted and seated among friends, begins speaking; the topic introduced is the enjoyments or experiential domains of devas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, humans, and Asuras, setting up the content of the ensuing passage.