Shloka 31

उभौ जघ्नतुरन्योन्यमुभौ भूमौ निपेततु: । उभौ ववल्गतुश्षित्रं मुष्टिभिश्व निजघ्नतु:,दोनों दोनोंपर प्रहार करते, दोनों जमीनपर गिर जाते, फिर दोनों ही उछल-कूदकर विचित्र ढंगसे पैंतरे बदलते तथा मुक्कों और घूसोंसे एक-दूसरेको मारते थे

ubhau jaghnatur anyonyam ubhau bhūmau nipetatuḥ | ubhau vavalgatuś citraṁ muṣṭibhiś ca nijaghnatuḥ ||

Markandeya said: Both struck each other; both fell to the ground. Then both sprang up again, shifting their stances in strange, agile maneuvers, and battered one another with clenched fists.

उभौboth (of them)
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
जघ्नतुःthey two struck/killed
जघ्नतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada
अन्योन्यम्each other (mutually)
अन्योन्यम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्योन्य
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
भूमौon the ground
भूमौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
निपेततुःthey two fell down
निपेततुः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + पत्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ववल्गतुःthey two sprang/leapt about
ववल्गतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवल्ग्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada
चित्रम्strangely / in a varied way
चित्रम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootचित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मुष्टिभिःwith fists
मुष्टिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमुष्टि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निजघ्नतुःthey two struck (repeatedly)
निजघ्नतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + हन्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya (speaker)
T
two unnamed combatants

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the raw intensity of mutual aggression: when rivalry is pursued through force alone, both sides are equally endangered and degraded. In the broader Mahabharata ethic, such scenes function as cautionary narrative—valor without restraint and discernment can become mere destructive frenzy.

Mārkaṇḍeya describes a close-quarters duel: the two opponents exchange blows, both tumble to the ground, then rise and circle with agile, unusual footwork, continuing to strike each other with their fists.