Shloka 22

Devanagari script

व्याधेरनिष्टसंस्पर्शाच्छूमादिष्टविवर्जनात्‌ । दुःखं चतुर्भि: शारीरं कारणै: सम्प्रवर्तते,“रोग, अप्रिय घटनाओंकी प्राप्ति, अधिक परिश्रम तथा प्रिय वस्तुओंका वियोग--इन चार कारणोंसे शारीरिक दु:ख प्राप्त होता है

Transliteration

vyādher aniṣṭa-saṁsparśāc chrāmād iṣṭa-vivarjanāt | duḥkhaṁ caturbhiḥ śārīraṁ kāraṇaiḥ sampravartate ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana said: “Bodily suffering arises from four causes—disease, contact with what is unwelcome, exhaustion from overexertion, and separation from what is dear.”

Word by Word

व्याधेःfrom disease

अनिष्ट-संस्पर्शात्from contact with the undesirable

छ्रमात्from overexertion/fatigue

इष्ट-विवर्जनात्from separation from what is dear

दुःखम्pain/suffering

चतुर्भिःby four

शारीरम्bodily/physical

कारणैःby causes

सम्प्रवर्ततेarises/comes into being

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśampāyana

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Cross References

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Physical suffering is not random; it can be analyzed into four proximate causes—illness, unpleasant encounters, fatigue from excessive effort, and separation from what one loves. Recognizing these causes supports ethical living through moderation, wise choices of association, and cultivating resilience toward loss.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Vaiśampāyana’s narration, a reflective teaching is being stated: the sources of bodily pain are enumerated in a compact list, framing later discussion of endurance, right conduct, and the management of hardship during the forest-life context of the Vana Parva.