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Shloka 57

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय ५४: दुर्योधनस्य धृतराष्ट्रं प्रति बलप्रशंसन-युक्तः आश्वासनवादः

Duryodhana’s Reassurance and Force-Praise to Dhritarashtra

अभिव्यक्तः परेषां च कृत्स्नो भुवि पराजय: । अह्वा होकेन भीष्मो<यं प्रयुतं हन्ति भारत,भारत! इस पृथ्वीपर मेरे शत्रुओंकी पूर्णतः पराजय तो इसीसे स्पष्ट है कि ये पितामह भीष्म प्रतिदिन दस हजार विपक्षी योद्धाओंका संहार करेंगे

abhivyaktaḥ pareṣāṁ ca kṛtsno bhuvi parājayaḥ | āhvāhokena bhīṣmo ’yaṁ prayutaṁ hanti bhārata ||

Duryodhana declares that the utter defeat of his enemies upon the earth is already plain: by the very call to battle, this grandsire Bhīṣma will slay ten thousand opposing warriors each day.

अभिव्यक्तःmanifest, clearly evident
अभिव्यक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-व्यक्त (कृदन्त, √व्यञ्ज्/√व्यज् 'प्रकट करना' से)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परेषाम्of the enemies/others
परेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृत्स्नःentire, complete
कृत्स्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्स्न (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भुविon the earth
भुवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभू (स्त्री. प्रातिपदिक 'भूमि/भूः')
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
पराजयःdefeat
पराजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपराजय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आह्वाby (his) challenge/call (to battle)
आह्वा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआह्वा (प्रातिपदिक; 'आह्वान/आह्वा' = challenge/call)
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
होकेनby 'hoka' (unclear reading; likely a corrupt/variant form)
होकेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहोक (पाठभेद/दुष्पाठ; सम्भवतः 'शोकेन' या 'हर्षेण' इत्यादि अपेक्षित)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this (man)
अयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रयुतम्ten thousand
प्रयुतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रयुत (प्रातिपदिक; संख्या)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हन्तिkills, slays
हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√हन् (हनँ हिंसायाम्)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भारतO Bharata (repeated address)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (address; Dhṛtarāṣṭra implied)
E
enemies/opposing warriors

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how confidence grounded solely in force and numerical slaughter can masquerade as certainty of victory. It implicitly critiques Duryodhana’s moral blindness: he treats mass killing as evidence of inevitable success, overlooking dharma, justice, and the deeper consequences of war.

In Udyoga Parva, as war becomes imminent, Duryodhana speaks with triumphal certainty. He points to Bhīṣma’s unmatched prowess, claiming that Bhīṣma will kill ten thousand enemy warriors per day, and takes this as proof that the opponents’ total defeat is already assured.