Shloka 4

Devanagari script

नमस्कृत्योपजग्मुस्ते लोकवृद्धं पितामहम्‌ । परिवार्य च विश्वेशं पर्यासत दिवौकस:,ये सब देवता संसारके बड़े-बूढ़े पितामह ब्रह्माजीके पास गये और उन्हें प्रणाम करनेके पश्चात्‌ उन लोकेश्वरको सब ओरसे घेरकर बैठ गये

Transliteration

namaskṛtyopajagmus te lokavṛddhaṃ pitāmaham | parivārya ca viśveśaṃ paryāsata divaukasaḥ ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana said: Having offered their reverent salutations, those celestial beings approached the Grandsire—ancient in wisdom for the worlds. Then, surrounding the Lord of the universe on all sides, the gods sat down around him, seeking counsel in a moment that calls for humility before higher order and guidance.

Word by Word

नमस्कृत्यhaving saluted

उपजग्मुःthey approached/went near

तेthey

लोकवृद्धम्the world-elder (most venerable in the worlds)

पितामहम्the grandsire (Brahmā)

परिवार्यhaving surrounded/encircled

चand

विश्वेशम्the lord of the universe

पर्यासतthey sat around

दिवौकसःthe gods (dwellers in heaven)

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśampāyana

pitāmaha (Brahmā)

divaukasaḥ (the gods)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Cross References

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights humility and proper conduct: even the gods begin by offering respectful salutations and then seek guidance from the cosmic elder, implying that right action (dharma) is grounded in reverence for wisdom and established order.

What is happening in the narrative?

The gods come to Brahmā (the Pitāmaha), bow to him, surround him, and sit down—signaling a formal assembly convened to consult him about unfolding events in the Udyoga Parva.