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Shloka 19

Nara-Nārāyaṇa Precedent and Bhīṣma’s Counsel on Kṛṣṇa–Arjuna; Karṇa’s Reply

वासुदेवार्जुनी वीरोी समवेतौ महारथौ । नरनारायणो देवौ पूर्वदेवाविति श्रुति:,परस्पर मिले हुए महार॒थी वीर श्रीकृष्ण और अर्जुन पुरातन देवता नर और नारायण ही हैं; यह बात विख्यात है

vāsudevārjunī vīrau samavetau mahārathau | naranārāyaṇau devau pūrvadevāv iti śrutiḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana said: The two heroic great chariot-warriors, Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) and Arjuna, who have come together, are indeed the divine pair Nara and Nārāyaṇa—the primeval gods; thus it is affirmed by sacred tradition. The statement frames their alliance as more than political strategy: it is a dharmic convergence of divine purpose and human agency on the eve of conflict.

वासुदेवVasudeva (Krishna)
वासुदेव:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवासुदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्जुनArjuna
अर्जुन:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वीरौtwo heroes
वीरौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
समवेतौassembled, come together
समवेतौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-√इ (समवेत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
महारथौtwo great chariot-warriors
महारथौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
नरNara
नर:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नारायणNarayana
नारायण:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवौtwo gods
देवौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
पूर्वदेवौtwo ancient gods
पूर्वदेवौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
श्रुतिःtradition; report; what is heard
श्रुतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
V
Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
A
Arjuna
N
Nara
N
Nārāyaṇa

Educational Q&A

The verse asserts that Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna are not merely allies but the ancient divine pair Nara and Nārāyaṇa. This sacralizes their partnership and implies that the coming struggle is situated within a larger dharmic order, where divine guidance (Kṛṣṇa) and righteous human effort (Arjuna) act together.

In Udyoga Parva’s lead-up to war, the narrator Vaiśampāyana identifies the united presence of Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna as the reappearance of Nara-Nārāyaṇa. The remark functions as an authoritative recognition—by tradition—of their extraordinary status at a critical turning point.