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Shloka 30

Sanatsujāta-Āhvāna (Summoning Sanatsujāta) — Vidura’s Invocation and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Doubt

यत्र मन्येत भूयिष्ठं प्रावषीव तृणोपलम्‌ । अन्नं पान॑ ब्राह्मणस्य तज्जीवेन्नानुसंज्वरेत्‌,ब्राह्मणके सम्यक्‌ आचारकी वेदवेत्ता पुरुष प्रशंसा करते हैं, किंतु जो धर्मपालनमें बहिर्मुख है, उसे अधिक महत्त्व नहीं देना चाहिये। जो (निष्कामभावपूर्वक) धर्मका पालन करनेसे अन्तर्मुख हो गया है, ऐसे पुरुषको श्रेष्ठ समझना चाहिये। जैसे वर्षा-ऋतुमें तृण- घास आदिकी बहुतायत होती है, उसी प्रकार जहाँ ब्राह्मणके योग्य अन्न-पान आदिकी अधिकता मालूम पड़े, उसी देशमें रहकर वह जीवननिर्वाह करे। भूख-प्याससे अपनेको वष्ट नहीं पहुँचावे

yatra manyeta bhūyiṣṭhaṁ prāvaṣīva tṛṇopalām | annaṁ pānaṁ brāhmaṇasya taj jīven nānusaṁjvaret ||

Sanatsujāta teaches that a Brahmin should sustain himself in a place where the means of simple livelihood—food and drink suitable for a Brahmin—are found in abundance, as grasses and plants abound in the rainy season. Living there, he should maintain life without tormenting himself with hunger and thirst.

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
मन्येतshould think/consider
मन्येत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
भूयिष्ठम्most, very abundant
भूयिष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभूयिष्ठ (superlative of बहु)
Formneuter, accusative, singular
प्रावृषिin the rainy season
प्रावृषि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रावृष्
Formfeminine, locative, singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
तृणgrass
तृण:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतृण
Formneuter, nominative, singular
उपलम्stone, pebble
उपलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपल
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
Formneuter, nominative, singular
पानम्drink
पानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपान
Formneuter, nominative, singular
ब्राह्मणस्यof/for a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
तत्that (place/thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
जीवेत्should live, should sustain oneself
जीवेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजीव् (जीवति)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुसंज्वरेत्should not be distressed/tormented
अनुसंज्वरेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-सम्-√ज्वर् (ज्वरति)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
B
Brāhmaṇa

Educational Q&A

Choose a place and mode of living that naturally supports dharmic conduct—where basic, appropriate sustenance is available—so that one can live steadily without needless self-torment from hunger and thirst.

Sanatsujāta is instructing (in a didactic discourse within Udyoga Parva) on proper conduct and practical ethics, using the monsoon’s abundance as an analogy for selecting a supportive environment for a Brahmin’s simple maintenance of life.