Shloka 39

आर्ता तामाह स मुनि: शैखावत्यो महातपा: । निःश्वसन्तीं सती बालां दुः:खशोकपरायणाम्‌,महातपस्वी शैखावत्य मुनिने वहाँ सिसकती हुई उस दुःखशोकपरायणा सती साध्वी आर्त अबलासे कहा--

ārtā tām āha sa muniḥ śaikhāvatyo mahātapāḥ | niḥśvasantīṃ satīṃ bālāṃ duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇām ||

Bhīṣma said: Seeing the young, virtuous woman of Śaikhāvatī sighing in distress—wholly absorbed in grief and sorrow—the great ascetic sage addressed her with compassion, responding to her afflicted state.

आर्ताdistressed
आर्ता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्त
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ताम्her
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आहsaid
आह:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुनिःsage
मुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शैखावत्यःŚaikhāvatya (name/epithet)
शैखावत्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशैखावत्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महातपाःgreat ascetic
महातपाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहातपस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निःश्वसन्तीम्sighing
निःश्वसन्तीम्:
TypeVerb
Rootनिः-श्वस्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
सतीम्virtuous/chaste
सतीम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past participle used adjectivally)
बालाम्young woman/girl
बालाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाला
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दुःखशोकपरायणाम्given over to sorrow and grief
दुःखशोकपरायणाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःख-शोक-परायण
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
a muni (sage)
Ś
Śaikhāvatī (as an epithet/association)
A
a young virtuous woman (satī bālā)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds dharmic compassion: a great ascetic does not ignore suffering but responds with timely speech meant to steady and guide one overwhelmed by grief.

Within Bhīṣma’s narration, a great sage associated with Śaikhāvatī sees a young virtuous woman sighing in anguish and, recognizing her distress, begins to address her—setting up counsel or instruction that follows.