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Shloka 3

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 165 — Bhīṣma’s Appraisal and Karṇa’s Rebuttal (भीष्म–कर्ण विवादः)

एतस्य रथवंशे हि तिग्मवेगप्रहारिण: । काम्बोजानां महाराज शलभानामिवायति:

etasya rathavaṁśe hi tigmavegaprahāriṇaḥ | kāmbojānāṁ mahārāja śalabhānām ivāyatiḥ ||

Bhishma said: “O great king, in this warrior’s chariot-lineage there is indeed a fierce, swift-striking power; the onset of the Kambojas comes upon the foe like a sudden swarm of locusts—overwhelming, rapid, and hard to withstand.”

एतस्यof this (man)
एतस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
रथवंशेin the line/lineage of charioteers
रथवंशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथवंश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
तिग्मवेगप्रहारिणःof the striker/assailant with sharp speed
तिग्मवेगप्रहारिणः:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootतिग्मवेगप्रहारिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
काम्बोजानाम्of the Kambojas
काम्बोजानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootकाम्बोज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शलभानाम्of locusts
शलभानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootशलभ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आयतिःapproach/coming onrush
आयतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआयति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Mahārāja (the king addressed, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra in this context)
K
Kāmbojas
R
Ratha-vaṁśa (chariot-lineage)
Ś
Śalabha (locusts)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how inherited martial discipline and collective force can make an army’s advance irresistible; it cautions rulers to recognize the real momentum of trained warrior-groups and not underestimate a swift, coordinated assault.

Bhīṣma is describing the fighting quality and terrifying advance associated with a particular warrior’s chariot-lineage, comparing the Kāmbojas’ onrush to a locust-swarm—an image meant to convey speed, density, and overwhelming impact in battle.