Shloka 28
Adhyāya 128 — Proposal to Restrain Keśava; Sātyaki’s Warning and Vidura–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Counsel
Devanagari script
अविजित्य य आत्मानममात्यान् विजिगीषते । अमित्रान् वाजितामात्य: सोडवश: परिहीयते
Translation
He who, without first conquering himself, seeks to conquer his ministers, or who, without mastering his ministers, longs to conquer his foes—such a man, helpless at last, is bereft of both kingdom and life.
Word by Word
अविजित्यnot having conquered
अविजित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअव + √जि
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मानम्oneself (self)
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमात्यान्ministers, counsellors
अमात्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विजिगीषतेdesires to conquer
विजिगीषते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + √जि (desiderative stem: जिगीष)
FormPresent, Ātmanepada, 3rd, Singular
अमित्रान्enemies
अमित्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अजितामात्यःone whose ministers are unconquered (who has not subdued his ministers)
अजितामात्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअजितामात्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अवशःhelpless, powerless
अवशः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिहीयतेis deprived (falls away, is lost)
परिहीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + √हा
FormPresent, Ātmanepada, 3rd, Singular, passive-like sense: 'is deprived/declines'
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes