Shloka 20
दुर्ग-निवेश-राजधर्मः | Fortified Capital and the King’s Residential Polity
Rājadharma
Devanagari script
चरान्मन्त्रं च कोशं च दण्डं चैव विशेषत: । अनुतिषछेत् स्वयं राजा सर्व ह्वात्र प्रतेष्ठितम्,गुप्तचरोंसे मिलने, गुप्त सलाह करने, खजानेकी जाँच-पड़ताल करने तथा विशेषत: अपराधियोंको दण्ड देनेका कार्य राजा स्वयं करे; क्योंकि इन्हींपर सारा राज्य प्रतिष्ठित है
Translation
Bhishma said: “A king should personally oversee his dealings with spies, hold confidential counsel, examine the treasury, and—most especially—administer punishment to offenders; for upon these matters the whole kingdom is established.”
Word by Word
चरान्spies
चरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचर (प्रातिपदिक: ‘चर’ = गुप्तचर)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मन्त्रंcounsel/secret counsel
मन्त्रं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
कोशंtreasury
कोशं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकोश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
दण्डंpunishment/rod of governance
दण्डं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विशेषतःespecially
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः
अनुतिष्ठेत्should carry out/should undertake
अनुतिष्ठेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-स्था (धातु: √स्था)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वयम्personally
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्all (this)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ह्यत्रfor here/indeed in this matter
ह्यत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि + अत्र
प्रतिष्ठितम्is founded/established (upon)
प्रतिष्ठितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रति-स्था (धातु: √स्था) → प्रतिष्ठित (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes