Shloka 28
Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)
Devanagari script
श्रोतुं चैव न्यसेद् राजा प्राज्ञान् सर्वार्थदर्शिन: । व्यवहारेषु सतत तत्र राज्यं प्रतिष्ठितम्
Translation
When judging disputes, the king should keep near him wise men of far-seeing understanding, so that he may always hear the words of both plaintiff and defendant. For upon pure justice the kingdom is established.
Word by Word
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
न्यसेत्should place/appoint (should seat)
न्यसेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + अस् (धातु) / न्यस् (धातु-रूपेण)
Formविधिलिङ्, optative, 3, singular, परस्मैपद
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्राज्ञान्wise (men)
प्राज्ञान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राज्ञ
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
सर्वार्थदर्शिनःseeing/knowing all matters
सर्वार्थदर्शिनः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वार्थदर्शिन्
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
व्यवहारेषुin disputes/transactions (legal cases)
व्यवहारेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
Formmasculine, locative, plural
सततम्always/constantly
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
तत्रthere/therein
तत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
राज्यम्the kingdom/state
राज्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
Formneuter, nominative, singular
प्रतिष्ठितम्is established/founded
प्रतिष्ठितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + स्था (धातु) → प्रतिष्ठित (क्त)
Formक्त (past passive participle), neuter, nominative, singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes