Shloka 9

Yudhiṣṭhira’s Lament for Karṇa and Renunciation-Oriented Self-Assessment (शोक-प्रलापः / त्याग-प्रवृत्तिः)

Devanagari script

हाय! हमलोगोंने इस तुच्छ पृथ्वीके लिये अवध्य राजाओंकी भी हत्या की और अब उन्हें छोड़कर बन्धु-बान्धवोंसे हीन हो अर्थ-भ्रष्टकी भाँति जीवन व्यतीत कर रहे हैं

Transliteration

hāy! vayaṁ etasyāḥ tucchāyāḥ pṛthivyāḥ kṛte ’vadhyānām api rājñāṁ vadhaṁ kṛtavantaḥ; adhunā tu tān vihāya bandhu-bāndhava-hīnāḥ san artha-bhraṣṭa iva jīvanaṁ yāpayāmaḥ.

Translation

Alas! For the sake of this paltry earth, we have even slain kings who ought not to have been killed. And now, bereft of them, we live without kinsmen or allies, passing our days like one ruined in fortune—empty of the very supports that once sustained life.

Word by Word

• हाय: alas!
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हाय

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: common, nominative, plural

• अस्यै: for this
• अस्यै: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: feminine, dative, singular

• तुच्छायै: for a paltry
• तुच्छायै: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुच्छ
• Form: feminine, dative, singular

• पृथिव्यै: for the earth/kingdom
• पृथिव्यै: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी
• Form: feminine, dative, singular

• अवध्य-राज्ञाम्: of kings who should not be slain
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवध्यराजन्
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• अपि: even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• वधम्: killing
• वधम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• कृतवन्तः: have done/committed
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: perfect/periphrastic perfect (kṛtavat), 3rd, plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अधुना: now
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधुना

• तान्: them
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine, accusative, plural

• विहाय: having abandoned
• Type: Verb
• Root: हा
• Form: absolutive (gerund)

• बन्धु-बान्धवैः: with kinsmen and relatives
• बन्धु-बान्धवैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्धु + बान्धव
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural

• हीनाः: deprived (of)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• अर्थ-भ्रष्टवत्: like one fallen from wealth/prosperity
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्थभ्रष्ट
• Form: neuter, nominative/accusative (indeclinable -वत् used adverbially), singular

• इव: as if/like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• जीवनम्: life
• जीवनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जीवन
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• व्यतीतयामः: we pass/spend
• Type: Verb
• Root: अति-इ
• Form: present, 1st, plural

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• pṛthivī (earth/kingdom)
• avadhyāḥ rājānaḥ (unslayable kings)
• bandhu-bāndhavāḥ (kinsmen/relatives/allies)