Shloka 12
Devanagari script
तस्माद् राजैव कर्तव्य: सततं भूतिमिच्छता । न धनार्थो न दारार्थस्तेषां येघामराजकम्,अतः सदा उन्नतिकी इच्छा रखनेवाले देशको अपनी रक्षाके लिये किसीको राजा अवश्य बना लेना चाहिये। जिनके देशमें अराजकता है, उनके धन और स्त्रियोंपर उन्हींका अधिकार बना रहे, यह सम्भव नहीं है
Translation
Therefore, one who ever seeks prosperity must always appoint a king for the protection of the realm. In a country without a king—where anarchy prevails—it is not possible for people to retain secure rights over their wealth and their women.
Word by Word
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
राजाa king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कर्तव्यःto be made/should be appointed
कर्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सततम्always/constantly
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
भूतिम्prosperity/welfare
भूतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छताby one who desires
इच्छता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootइच्छत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
धनार्थःwealth-purpose/aim of wealth
धनार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnor/not
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
दारार्थःwife-purpose/aim regarding wives
दारार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदारार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेषाम्of those
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
येwho/which (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अमराजकम्kingless/without a king (anarchy)
अमराजकम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअमराजक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes