Shloka 41
Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)
Devanagari script
रथा नागा हयाश्रैव पादाताश्वैव पाण्डव | विष्टिनविश्चराश्वैव देशिका इति चाष्टमम्
Transliteration
rathā nāgā hayāś caiva pādātāś caiva pāṇḍava | viṣṭinaviś carāś caiva deśikā iti cāṣṭamam ||
Translation
Bhīṣma said: “O Pāṇḍava, these too are counted among the divisions: charioteers, elephant-warriors, horsemen, and foot-soldiers; likewise the viṣṭi (forced laborers/levies), the roaming or irregular troops, and the local guides—this makes the eighth category.”
Word by Word
रथाःchariots
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नागाःelephants
नागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हयाःhorses
हयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पादाताःfoot-soldiers/infantry
पादाताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपादात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पाण्डवO Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu)
पाण्डव:
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विष्टिनविःviṣṭinavi (a class/name of troops/people; uncertain)
विष्टिनविः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविष्टिनवि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चराःspies/scouts
चराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
देशिकाःguides/local guides
देशिकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेशिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अष्टमम्the eighth (item/category)
अष्टमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्टम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhīṣmaP
Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira)R
ratha (chariot corps)N
nāga (elephant corps)H
haya (cavalry)P
pādāta (infantry)V
viṣṭi (forced labor/levy)C
carāḥ (scouts/irregulars)D
deśikāḥ (local guides)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes