Shloka 39
राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)
Devanagari script
क्षममाण्ं नृपं नित्यं नीच: परिभवेज्जन: । हस्तियन्ता गजस्यैव शिर एवारुरुक्षति,“नीच मनुष्य क्षमाशील राजाका सदा उसी प्रकार तिरस्कार करते रहते हैं, जैसे हाथीका महावत उसके सिरपर ही चढ़े रहना चाहता है”
Transliteration
kṣamamāṇaṃ nṛpaṃ nityaṃ nīcaḥ paribhavej janaḥ | hastiyantā gajasyaiva śira evārurukṣati ||
Translation
Bhīṣma said: “When a king is continually forbearing, base people repeatedly insult and overstep him. Just as a mahout, in handling an elephant, keeps trying to climb and sit upon its head, so do the low-minded keep mounting upon the patient ruler.”
Word by Word
क्षममाणम्forbearing, enduring
क्षममाणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षम (धातु) → क्षममाण (शतृ-प्रत्यय, वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नृपम्king
नृपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
Formtrue
नीचःa low (base) person
नीचः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनीच
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिभवेत्would insult / would disrespect
परिभवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + भू (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
जनःpeople / a person
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हस्तियन्ताelephant-driver (mahout)
हस्तियन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहस्ति + यन्तृ (यन्तृ = चालक/नियन्तृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गजस्यof the elephant
गजस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formtrue
शिरःhead
शिरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवonly / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formtrue
आरुरुक्षतिwants to climb / attempts to mount
आरुरुक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + रुह् (धातु)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhīṣmaN
nṛpa (king)N
nīca jana (base people)G
gaja (elephant)H
hastiyantā (mahout)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Sandhi Notes