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Shloka 22

धर्मस्य बहुद्वारत्वम् — Nārada’s Audience with Indra (Śānti-parva 340)

सत्त्वं रजस्तमश्वैव न गुणास्तं भजन्ति वै । यश्न सर्वगतः साक्षी लोकस्यात्मेति कथ्यते,'जो नेत्रोंसे देखा नहीं जाता, त्वचासे जिसका स्पर्श नहीं होता, गन्ध ग्रहण करनेवाली प्राणेन्द्रियसे जो सूँघनेमें नहीं आता, जो रसनेन्द्रियकी पहुँचसे परे है; सत्त्व, रज और तम नामक गुण जिसपर कोई प्रभाव नहीं डाल पाते, जो सर्वव्यापी, साक्षी और सम्पूर्ण जगत्‌का आत्मा कहलाता है, सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंका नाश हो जानेपर भी जो स्वयं नष्ट नहीं होता है, जिसे अजन्मा, नित्य, सनातन, निर्गुण और निष्कल बताया गया है, जो चौबीस तत्त्वोंसे परे पचीसवें तत्त्वके रूपमें विख्यात है, जिसे अन्तर्यामी पुरुष, निष्क्रिय तथा ज्ञानमय नेत्रोंसे ही देखने योग्य बताया जाता है, जिसमें प्रवेश करके श्रेष्ठ द्विज यहाँ मुक्त हो जाते हैं, वही सनातन परमात्मा है। उसीको वासुदेव नामसे जानना चाहिये

sattvaṁ rajas tamaś caiva na guṇās taṁ bhajanti vai | yaś ca sarvagataḥ sākṣī lokasyātmeti kathyate ||

Bhīṣma said: That Supreme Self is not conditioned by the three guṇas—sattva, rajas, and tamas. He is described as all-pervading, the inner Witness, and the very Self of the world. In this teaching, Bhīṣma directs the listener away from sensory and material measures of reality and toward the imperishable ground of dharma: the unborn, eternal, attributeless Lord who remains unchanged even when all beings perish, and who is to be known as Vāsudeva.

सत्त्वम्sattva (purity/illumination)
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रजःrajas (activity/passion)
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तमःtamas (darkness/inertia)
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गुणाःthe qualities (gunas)
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तम्him/that (Supreme)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भजन्तिaffect/attach to; partake of
भजन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभज्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
वैindeed/truly
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वगतःall-pervading
सर्वगतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वगत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
साक्षीwitness
साक्षी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकस्यof the world
लोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
आत्माself/soul
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
कथ्यतेis said/called
कथ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootकथ्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ā
Ātman (Self)
V
Vāsudeva (implied by the accompanying prose gloss)

Educational Q&A

The Supreme Self (Ātman/Brahman) is beyond prakṛti and its three guṇas. He is the all-pervading Witness and the Self of the world—unchanging, imperishable, and ultimately to be realized as Vāsudeva.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation and right understanding, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira about the nature of the highest reality: not an object of the senses, not shaped by the guṇas, but the inner Witness that underlies the world.