Shloka 83
Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)
जहाँ किसी विशेष अर्थको अभीष्ट मानकर उसके दोषों और गुणोंकी विभागपूर्वक गणना की जाती है, उस अर्थको संख्या अथवा सांख्य समझना चाहिये ।।
yatra kasyacid artha-viśeṣasya doṣa-guṇa-vibhāga-pūrvakaṃ gaṇanaṃ kriyate, tam arthaṃ saṅkhyā athavā sāṅkhyaṃ veditavyam. idaṃ pūrvam idaṃ paścād vaktavyaṃ yad vivakṣitam | krama-yogaṃ tam apy āhur vākyaṃ vākya-vido janāḥ ||
Bhishma said: When a particular intended meaning is examined by first separating its faults and merits and then counting and enumerating them in orderly fashion, that method should be understood as “Saṅkhyā” or “Sāṅkhya.” Likewise, when one says, “this should be stated first, and this afterwards,” arranging the intended points in sequence, those learned in discourse call that too a disciplined order of speech—an ordered progression in teaching.
भीष्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma defines an analytic method: when a topic is clarified by separating merits and faults and enumerating them systematically, it is ‘Saṅkhyā/Sāṅkhya’. He also stresses krama (sequence): teaching should present points in a deliberate order—what comes first and what follows—so the intended meaning becomes clear.
In the Shanti Parva’s instructional setting, Bhishma is explaining to his listener(s) how philosophical and ethical instruction should be structured—by classification, enumeration, and orderly progression of statements—so that dharma and related teachings are communicated precisely.