Shloka 40
नारद–शुक संवादः
Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga
Devanagari script
ज्ञानं तु प्रकृति प्राहुज्ञेय निष्ललमेव च । अज्ञश्ष ज्ञश्न पुरुषस्तस्मान्निष्कल उच्यते
Translation
“The term ‘knowledge’ (jñāna) is applied to Prakṛti, while the partless Self (niṣkala) is spoken of as the ‘knowable’ (jñeya). Likewise, ‘ignorance’ (ajñāna) is Prakṛti; and the Puruṣa, distinct from it and partless, is called the ‘knower’ (jñātṛ).”
Word by Word
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
प्रकृतिम्Prakriti, nature
प्रकृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्राहुःthey have said/called
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अह् (धातु)
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
ज्ञेयम्to be known, knowable
ज्ञेयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञेय (कृदन्त; √ज्ञा + यत्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निष्कलम्partless, without parts
निष्कलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्कल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अज्ञाignorance / the unknowing (Prakriti)
अज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
ज्ञःknower
ज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
पुरुषःPurusha, spirit/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
निष्कलःpartless
निष्कलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्कल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु) (उच्यते = कर्मणि प्रयोगः)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive (Karmani)
Speaker
याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes